X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope

Maximilien J. Collon; Ljubiša Babić; Nicolas M. Barrière; Alex Bayerle; Luigi Castiglione; Noë Eenkhoorn; David Girou; Ramses Günther; Enrico Hauser; Yvette Jenkins; Boris Landgraf; Laurens Keek; Ben Okma; Gregorio Mendoza Serano; Aniket Thete; Giuseppe Vacanti; Sjoerd Verhoeckx; Mark Vervest; Luc Voruz; Marco W. Beijersbergen; Marcos Bavdaz; Eric Wille; Ivo Ferreira; Sebastiaan Fransen; Brian Shortt; Mark Olde Riekerink; Jeroen Haneveld; Arenda Koelewijn; Maurice Wijnperle; Jan Joost Lankwarden; Bart Schurink; Ronald Start; Coen van Baren; Paul Hieltjes; Jan Willem den Herder; Evelyn Handick; Michael Krumrey; Miranda Bradshaw; Vadim Burwitz; Sonny Massahi; Sara Svendsen; Desirée Della Monica Ferreira; Finn E. Christensen; Giuseppe Valsecchi; Geeta Kailla; William Mundon; Gavin Phillips; Ian Chequer; Kevin Ball

doi:10.1117/12.2599339

X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope

Maximilien J. Collon^*, Ljubiša Babić, Nicolas M. Barrière, Alex Bayerle, Luigi Castiglione, Noë Eenkhoorn, David Girou, Ramses Günther, Enrico Hauser, Yvette Jenkins, Boris Landgraf, Laurens Keek, Ben Okma, Gregorio Mendoza Serano, Aniket Thete, Giuseppe Vacanti, Sjoerd Verhoeckx, Mark Vervest, Luc Voruz, Marco W. BeijersbergenMarcos Bavdaz, Eric Wille, Ivo Ferreira, Sebastiaan Fransen, Brian Shortt, Mark Olde Riekerink, Jeroen Haneveld, Arenda Koelewijn, Maurice Wijnperle, Jan Joost Lankwarden, Bart Schurink, Ronald Start, Coen van Baren, Paul Hieltjes, Jan Willem den Herder, Evelyn Handick, Michael Krumrey, Miranda Bradshaw, Vadim Burwitz, Sonny Massahi, Sara Svendsen, Desirée Della Monica Ferreira, Finn E. Christensen, Giuseppe Valsecchi, Geeta Kailla, William Mundon, Gavin Phillips, Ian Chequer, Kevin Ball

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Athena will be the largest space-based x-ray telescope to be flown by the European Space Agency: its large 2.6 m diameter lens will use a revolutionary new modular technology, Silicon Pore Optics (SPO). The lens will consist of several hundreds of smaller x-ray lenslets, called mirror modules, which each consist of about 70 mirror pairs. Those mirror modules are arranged in circles in a large optics structure and will focus x-ray photons with an energy of 0.5 to 10 keV at a distance of 12 m onto the detectors of Athena. The point-spread function (PSF) of the optic shall achieve a half-energy width (HEW) of 5” at an energy of 1 keV, with an effective area of about 1.4 m², corresponding to several hundred m² of super-polished mirrors with a roughness of about 0.3 nm and a thickness of only 150 μm. SPO using the highest grade double-side polished 300 mm wafers commercially available, have been invented to enable such telescopes. SPO allows the cost-effective production of high-resolution, large area, x-ray optics, by using all the advantages that mono-crystalline silicon and the mass production processes of the semi-conductor industry provide. SPO has also shown to be a versatile technology that can be further developed for gamma-ray optics, medical applications and for material research. This paper will present the status of the technology and of the mass production capabilities, show latest performance results and discuss the next steps in the development.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of SPIE : International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020
Editors	Stephen L. O'Dell, Jessica A. Gaskin, Giovanni Pareschi
Number of pages	10
Volume	11852
Publisher	SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering
Publication date	2021
Article number	118521Z
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599339
Publication status	Published - 2021
Event	2020 International Conference on Space Optics - Virtual conference, Virtual, Online Duration: 30 Mar 2021 → 2 Apr 2021

Conference

Conference	2020 International Conference on Space Optics
Location	Virtual conference
City	Virtual, Online
Period	30/03/2021 → 02/04/2021

Series	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
ISSN	0277-786X

Keywords

ARCUS
ATHENA
Pore optics
Silicon
SPO
Stack
Wafer
X-ray astronomy
X-ray optics
X-ray telescopes

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Collon, M. J., Babić, L., Barrière, N. M., Bayerle, A., Castiglione, L., Eenkhoorn, N., Girou, D., Günther, R., Hauser, E., Jenkins, Y., Landgraf, B., Keek, L., Okma, B., Serano, G. M., Thete, A., Vacanti, G., Verhoeckx, S., Vervest, M., Voruz, L., ... Ball, K. (2021). X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope. In S. L. O'Dell, J. A. Gaskin, & G. Pareschi (Eds.), Proceedings of SPIE: International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020 (Vol. 11852). Article 118521Z SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599339

Collon, Maximilien J. ; Babić, Ljubiša ; Barrière, Nicolas M. et al. / X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope. Proceedings of SPIE: International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020. editor / Stephen L. O'Dell ; Jessica A. Gaskin ; Giovanni Pareschi. Vol. 11852 SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2021. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

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title = "X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope",

abstract = "Athena will be the largest space-based x-ray telescope to be flown by the European Space Agency: its large 2.6 m diameter lens will use a revolutionary new modular technology, Silicon Pore Optics (SPO). The lens will consist of several hundreds of smaller x-ray lenslets, called mirror modules, which each consist of about 70 mirror pairs. Those mirror modules are arranged in circles in a large optics structure and will focus x-ray photons with an energy of 0.5 to 10 keV at a distance of 12 m onto the detectors of Athena. The point-spread function (PSF) of the optic shall achieve a half-energy width (HEW) of 5” at an energy of 1 keV, with an effective area of about 1.4 m2, corresponding to several hundred m2 of super-polished mirrors with a roughness of about 0.3 nm and a thickness of only 150 μm. SPO using the highest grade double-side polished 300 mm wafers commercially available, have been invented to enable such telescopes. SPO allows the cost-effective production of high-resolution, large area, x-ray optics, by using all the advantages that mono-crystalline silicon and the mass production processes of the semi-conductor industry provide. SPO has also shown to be a versatile technology that can be further developed for gamma-ray optics, medical applications and for material research. This paper will present the status of the technology and of the mass production capabilities, show latest performance results and discuss the next steps in the development.",

keywords = "ARCUS, ATHENA, Pore optics, Silicon, SPO, Stack, Wafer, X-ray astronomy, X-ray optics, X-ray telescopes",

author = "Collon, {Maximilien J.} and Ljubi{\v s}a Babi{\'c} and Barri{\`e}re, {Nicolas M.} and Alex Bayerle and Luigi Castiglione and No{\"e} Eenkhoorn and David Girou and Ramses G{\"u}nther and Enrico Hauser and Yvette Jenkins and Boris Landgraf and Laurens Keek and Ben Okma and Serano, {Gregorio Mendoza} and Aniket Thete and Giuseppe Vacanti and Sjoerd Verhoeckx and Mark Vervest and Luc Voruz and Beijersbergen, {Marco W.} and Marcos Bavdaz and Eric Wille and Ivo Ferreira and Sebastiaan Fransen and Brian Shortt and Riekerink, {Mark Olde} and Jeroen Haneveld and Arenda Koelewijn and Maurice Wijnperle and Lankwarden, {Jan Joost} and Bart Schurink and Ronald Start and {van Baren}, Coen and Paul Hieltjes and {den Herder}, {Jan Willem} and Evelyn Handick and Michael Krumrey and Miranda Bradshaw and Vadim Burwitz and Sonny Massahi and Sara Svendsen and Ferreira, {Desir{\'e}e Della Monica} and Christensen, {Finn E.} and Giuseppe Valsecchi and Geeta Kailla and William Mundon and Gavin Phillips and Ian Chequer and Kevin Ball",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 ESA and CNES; 2020 International Conference on Space Optics, ICSO 2020 ; Conference date: 30-03-2021 Through 02-04-2021",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1117/12.2599339",

language = "English",

volume = "11852",

series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

publisher = "SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering",

editor = "O'Dell, {Stephen L. } and Gaskin, {Jessica A. } and Pareschi, {Giovanni }",

booktitle = "Proceedings of SPIE",

}

Collon, MJ, Babić, L, Barrière, NM, Bayerle, A, Castiglione, L, Eenkhoorn, N, Girou, D, Günther, R, Hauser, E, Jenkins, Y, Landgraf, B, Keek, L, Okma, B, Serano, GM, Thete, A, Vacanti, G, Verhoeckx, S, Vervest, M, Voruz, L, Beijersbergen, MW, Bavdaz, M, Wille, E, Ferreira, I, Fransen, S, Shortt, B, Riekerink, MO, Haneveld, J, Koelewijn, A, Wijnperle, M, Lankwarden, JJ, Schurink, B, Start, R, van Baren, C, Hieltjes, P, den Herder, JW, Handick, E, Krumrey, M, Bradshaw, M, Burwitz, V, Massahi, S , Svendsen, S , Ferreira, DDM , Christensen, FE, Valsecchi, G, Kailla, G, Mundon, W, Phillips, G, Chequer, I & Ball, K 2021, X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope. in SL O'Dell, JA Gaskin & G Pareschi (eds), Proceedings of SPIE: International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020. vol. 11852, 118521Z, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2020 International Conference on Space Optics, Virtual, Online, 30/03/2021. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599339

X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope. / Collon, Maximilien J.; Babić, Ljubiša; Barrière, Nicolas M. et al.
Proceedings of SPIE: International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020. ed. / Stephen L. O'Dell; Jessica A. Gaskin; Giovanni Pareschi. Vol. 11852 SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2021. 118521Z (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope

AU - Collon, Maximilien J.

AU - Babić, Ljubiša

AU - Barrière, Nicolas M.

AU - Bayerle, Alex

AU - Castiglione, Luigi

AU - Eenkhoorn, Noë

AU - Girou, David

AU - Günther, Ramses

AU - Hauser, Enrico

AU - Jenkins, Yvette

AU - Landgraf, Boris

AU - Keek, Laurens

AU - Okma, Ben

AU - Serano, Gregorio Mendoza

AU - Thete, Aniket

AU - Vacanti, Giuseppe

AU - Verhoeckx, Sjoerd

AU - Vervest, Mark

AU - Voruz, Luc

AU - Beijersbergen, Marco W.

AU - Bavdaz, Marcos

AU - Wille, Eric

AU - Ferreira, Ivo

AU - Fransen, Sebastiaan

AU - Shortt, Brian

AU - Riekerink, Mark Olde

AU - Haneveld, Jeroen

AU - Koelewijn, Arenda

AU - Wijnperle, Maurice

AU - Lankwarden, Jan Joost

AU - Schurink, Bart

AU - Start, Ronald

AU - van Baren, Coen

AU - Hieltjes, Paul

AU - den Herder, Jan Willem

AU - Handick, Evelyn

AU - Krumrey, Michael

AU - Bradshaw, Miranda

AU - Burwitz, Vadim

AU - Massahi, Sonny

AU - Svendsen, Sara

AU - Ferreira, Desirée Della Monica

AU - Christensen, Finn E.

AU - Valsecchi, Giuseppe

AU - Kailla, Geeta

AU - Mundon, William

AU - Phillips, Gavin

AU - Chequer, Ian

AU - Ball, Kevin

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Athena will be the largest space-based x-ray telescope to be flown by the European Space Agency: its large 2.6 m diameter lens will use a revolutionary new modular technology, Silicon Pore Optics (SPO). The lens will consist of several hundreds of smaller x-ray lenslets, called mirror modules, which each consist of about 70 mirror pairs. Those mirror modules are arranged in circles in a large optics structure and will focus x-ray photons with an energy of 0.5 to 10 keV at a distance of 12 m onto the detectors of Athena. The point-spread function (PSF) of the optic shall achieve a half-energy width (HEW) of 5” at an energy of 1 keV, with an effective area of about 1.4 m2, corresponding to several hundred m2 of super-polished mirrors with a roughness of about 0.3 nm and a thickness of only 150 μm. SPO using the highest grade double-side polished 300 mm wafers commercially available, have been invented to enable such telescopes. SPO allows the cost-effective production of high-resolution, large area, x-ray optics, by using all the advantages that mono-crystalline silicon and the mass production processes of the semi-conductor industry provide. SPO has also shown to be a versatile technology that can be further developed for gamma-ray optics, medical applications and for material research. This paper will present the status of the technology and of the mass production capabilities, show latest performance results and discuss the next steps in the development.

AB - Athena will be the largest space-based x-ray telescope to be flown by the European Space Agency: its large 2.6 m diameter lens will use a revolutionary new modular technology, Silicon Pore Optics (SPO). The lens will consist of several hundreds of smaller x-ray lenslets, called mirror modules, which each consist of about 70 mirror pairs. Those mirror modules are arranged in circles in a large optics structure and will focus x-ray photons with an energy of 0.5 to 10 keV at a distance of 12 m onto the detectors of Athena. The point-spread function (PSF) of the optic shall achieve a half-energy width (HEW) of 5” at an energy of 1 keV, with an effective area of about 1.4 m2, corresponding to several hundred m2 of super-polished mirrors with a roughness of about 0.3 nm and a thickness of only 150 μm. SPO using the highest grade double-side polished 300 mm wafers commercially available, have been invented to enable such telescopes. SPO allows the cost-effective production of high-resolution, large area, x-ray optics, by using all the advantages that mono-crystalline silicon and the mass production processes of the semi-conductor industry provide. SPO has also shown to be a versatile technology that can be further developed for gamma-ray optics, medical applications and for material research. This paper will present the status of the technology and of the mass production capabilities, show latest performance results and discuss the next steps in the development.

KW - ARCUS

KW - ATHENA

KW - Pore optics

KW - Silicon

KW - SPO

KW - Stack

KW - Wafer

KW - X-ray astronomy

KW - X-ray optics

KW - X-ray telescopes

U2 - 10.1117/12.2599339

DO - 10.1117/12.2599339

M3 - Article in proceedings

AN - SCOPUS:85116008850

VL - 11852

T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

BT - Proceedings of SPIE

A2 - O'Dell, Stephen L.

A2 - Gaskin, Jessica A.

A2 - Pareschi, Giovanni

PB - SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering

T2 - 2020 International Conference on Space Optics

Y2 - 30 March 2021 through 2 April 2021

ER -

Collon MJ, Babić L, Barrière NM, Bayerle A, Castiglione L, Eenkhoorn N et al. X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope. In O'Dell SL, Gaskin JA, Pareschi G, editors, Proceedings of SPIE: International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020. Vol. 11852. SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. 2021. 118521Z. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2599339

X-ray mirror development and production for the Athena telescope

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