Wind farm production estimates

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    Abstract

    In this paper, the Dynamic Wake Meandering (DWM)
    model is applied for simulation of wind farm production. In
    addition to the numerical simulations, measured data have
    been analyzed in order to provide the basis for a full-scale
    verification of the model performance.
    The basic idea behind the DWMmodel is to model the in-
    stationary wind farm flow characteristics by considering wind
    turbine wakes as passive tracers continuously emitted from
    the wind farm turbines each with a downstream transport pro-
    cess dictated by large scale turbulent eddies (lateral and ver-
    tical transportation; i.e. meandering) and Taylor advection.
    For the present purpose, the DWM model has been im-
    plemented in the aeroelastic code HAWC2 [1], and the per-
    formance of the resulting model complex is mainly verified
    by comparing simulated and measured loads for the Dutch
    off-shore Egmond aan Zee wind farm [2]. This farm consists
    of 36 Vestas V90 turbine located outside the coast of the
    Netherlands. The simulations in this paper were done with
    a modified version of HAWC2 only including aerodynamics
    and a rigid rotor in order to reduce the simulation time. With
    this code a 10min simulation takes approximately 1 minute
    on a 3GHz pc. The turbine controller is fully implemented.
    Initially, production estimates of a single turbine under free
    and wake conditions, respectively, are compared for (undis-
    turbed) mean wind speeds ranging from 3m/s to 25m/s. The
    undisturbed situation refers to a wind direction bin defined
    as 270◦ ±5◦, whereas the wake situation refers to the wind
    direction bin 319◦ ±5◦. In the latter case, the investigated
    turbine operated in the wake of 6 upstream turbines, with the
    mean wind direction being equal to the orientation of the wind
    turbine row.
    The production of the entire wind farm has been inves-
    tigated for a full polar (i.e. as function of mean inflow wind
    direction). This investigation relates to a mean wind speed
    bin defined as 8m=s±1m=s. The impact of ambient turbu-
    lence intensity and turbine inter spacing on the production of
    a wind turbine operating under full wake conditions is investi-
    gated. Four different turbine inter spacings, ranging between
    3.8 and 10.4 rotor diameters, are analyzed for ambient turbu-
    lence intensities varying between 2% and 20%. This analysis
    is based on full scale production data from three other wind
    farms Wieringermeer [3], Horns Rev [4] and Nysted [5]. A
    very satisfactory agreement between experimental data and
    predictions is observed.
    This paper finally includes additionally an analysis of the
    production impact caused by atmospheric stability effects.
    For this study, atmospheric stability conditions are defined in
    terms of the Monin-Obukhov length. Three different stability
    classes, including stable, neutral and unstable atmospheric
    stratification, have been investigated.
    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationProceedings of EWEA 2012 - European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition
    Number of pages8
    PublisherEuropean Wind Energy Association (EWEA)
    Publication date2012
    Publication statusPublished - 2012
    EventEWEC 2012 - European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition - Copenhagen, Denmark
    Duration: 16 Apr 201219 Apr 2012
    http://events.ewea.org/annual2012/

    Conference

    ConferenceEWEC 2012 - European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition
    Country/TerritoryDenmark
    CityCopenhagen
    Period16/04/201219/04/2012
    Internet address

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