Abstract
Water scarcity is increasing due to increasing demand and diminishing resources. The water
scarcity issues have to be distinguished according to availability and applicability, because urban water use
does not consume water, but pollutes it. Water scarcity may be regulated by “command and control” and
more recently by “economical instruments”. Water ethics is an important, but frequently ignored element in
regulation. Equity in availability and applicability of water is the important ethical issue at all levels, from local
community to the global scale. The distribution of rights and duties is problematic and no easy solutions are
in sight, but attention and awareness are essential. The ethical community has been expanded from a human
dimension to include an ecological dimension, which aggravates the dilemma. There have been too many
surprises in water quality development, due to unforeseen negative effects of activities in the modern
society. Decision making relative to complex systems is frequently marred by uncertainty and ignorance. In
such cases, solutions have to be robust, flexible and adaptable to unforeseen changes.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Water Science and Technology |
Volume | 45 |
Issue number | 8 |
Pages (from-to) | 113-124 |
ISSN | 0273-1223 |
Publication status | Published - 2002 |
Keywords
- water
- risk
- precaution
- Environment
- resources
- reuse
- ethics
- scarcity
- management