Videoconferencing Technologies in Higher Education Settings: A Systematic Literature Review Based on the PACT Framework

The advantages of using videoconferencing in education has been reported by several studies, and further emphasized during the covid-19 pandemic where all universities had to shift to online learning. However, despite this attention, it is found that scant studies tried to analyze and understand videoconferencing tools in education based on a given framework or theory. This results in an incomplete picture of how such tools might reshape education. To address this research gap, this study conducts a systematic review to analyze videoconferencing tools in education based on the People, Activities, Context, Technologies (PACT) framework. The obtained results revealed that videoconferencing tools are mostly used in medical education with undergraduate students. Additionally, most of the targeted stakeholders are students, calling for more research to also target other stakeholders, such as administrators, teachers, etc. Finally, Zoom is the most used videoconferencing tool in education. The findings of this study can provide a roadmap on the future research directions to consider for a better adoption of videoconferencing in education.