Vector Velocity Imaging Using Cross-Correlation and Virtual Sources

Iben Kraglund Holfort; Jacob Kortbek; Jørgen Arendt Jensen

doi:10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.517

Vector Velocity Imaging Using Cross-Correlation and Virtual Sources

Iben Kraglund Holfort, Jacob Kortbek, Jørgen Arendt Jensen

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Previous investigations have shown promising results in using the directional cross-correlation method to estimate velocity vectors. The velocity vector estimate provides information on both velocity direction and magnitude. The direction is estimated by beamforming signals along directions in the range $[0^{\circ}; 180^{\circ}[$ and identifying the direction that produces the largest correlation across emissions. An estimate of the velocity magnitude is obtained from the spatial shift between signals beamformed along the estimated direction. This paper expands these investigations to include estimations of the vector velocities of a larger region by combining the estimations along several scan lines. In combination with a B-mode image, the vector velocities are displayed as an image of the investigated region with a color indicating the magnitude, and arrows showing the direction of the flow. Using the RASMUS experimental ultrasound scanner, measurements have been carried out in a water tank using a 7~MHz transducer. A 6~mm tube contained the flow and a Danfoss, MAG~3000, magnetic flow meter measured the volume flow. The tube has a parabolic flow profile with a peak velocity of 0.29~m/s. During the experiments fixed beam-to-flow angles at $\{60^{\circ}, 75^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}\}$ have been applied. The images are obtained using a pulse repetition frequency of 15~kHz, and the images contain 33~lines with 60~emissions for each line. Corresponding to the three fixed beam-to-flow angles, the angle estimates along the center scan line have a bias of $\{-3.9^{\circ},-12.8^{\circ},-18.1^{\circ}\}$ and standard deviation of $\{10.0^{\circ},18.2^{\circ},32.2^{\circ}\}$. The estimates of the velocity magnitude have bias of $\{4.4\%,8.1\%,-5.4\%\}$ and standard deviation of $\{9.7\%,14.3\%,13.4\%\}$ relative to the peak velocity. The amount of in-tube angle estimates in the range of $\pm 10^{\circ}$ from the true angle are $\{74\%,77\%,66\%\}$. In-vivo measurements are carried out on a human volunteer. These measurements include the common carotid artery and the femoral bifurcation.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium
Publisher	IEEE
Publication date	2006
Pages	2027-2031
ISBN (Print)	1-4244-0201-8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.517
Publication status	Published - 2006
Event	2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium - Vancouver, Canada Duration: 2 Oct 2006 → 6 Oct 2006 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/4151855/proceeding

Conference

Conference	2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium
Country/Territory	Canada
City	Vancouver
Period	02/10/2006 → 06/10/2006
Internet address	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/4151855/proceeding

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Copyright: 2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE

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@inproceedings{440d59a05fe74b5e8b2f745997fd0dd2,

title = "Vector Velocity Imaging Using Cross-Correlation and Virtual Sources",

abstract = "Previous investigations have shown promising results in using the directional cross-correlation method to estimate velocity vectors. The velocity vector estimate provides information on both velocity direction and magnitude. The direction is estimated by beamforming signals along directions in the range $[0^{\circ}; 180^{\circ}[$ and identifying the direction that produces the largest correlation across emissions. An estimate of the velocity magnitude is obtained from the spatial shift between signals beamformed along the estimated direction. This paper expands these investigations to include estimations of the vector velocities of a larger region by combining the estimations along several scan lines. In combination with a B-mode image, the vector velocities are displayed as an image of the investigated region with a color indicating the magnitude, and arrows showing the direction of the flow. Using the RASMUS experimental ultrasound scanner, measurements have been carried out in a water tank using a 7~MHz transducer. A 6~mm tube contained the flow and a Danfoss, MAG~3000, magnetic flow meter measured the volume flow. The tube has a parabolic flow profile with a peak velocity of 0.29~m/s. During the experiments fixed beam-to-flow angles at $\{60^{\circ}, 75^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}\}$ have been applied. The images are obtained using a pulse repetition frequency of 15~kHz, and the images contain 33~lines with 60~emissions for each line. Corresponding to the three fixed beam-to-flow angles, the angle estimates along the center scan line have a bias of $\{-3.9^{\circ},-12.8^{\circ},-18.1^{\circ}\}$ and standard deviation of $\{10.0^{\circ},18.2^{\circ},32.2^{\circ}\}$. The estimates of the velocity magnitude have bias of $\{4.4\%,8.1\%,-5.4\%\}$ and standard deviation of $\{9.7\%,14.3\%,13.4\%\}$ relative to the peak velocity. The amount of in-tube angle estimates in the range of $\pm 10^{\circ}$ from the true angle are $\{74\%,77\%,66\%\}$. In-vivo measurements are carried out on a human volunteer. These measurements include the common carotid artery and the femoral bifurcation.",

author = "Holfort, {Iben Kraglund} and Jacob Kortbek and Jensen, {J{\o}rgen Arendt}",

note = "Copyright: 2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE; 2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS 2006 ; Conference date: 02-10-2006 Through 06-10-2006",

year = "2006",

doi = "10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.517",

language = "English",

isbn = "1-4244-0201-8",

pages = "2027--2031",

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AU - Holfort, Iben Kraglund

AU - Kortbek, Jacob

AU - Jensen, Jørgen Arendt

N1 - Copyright: 2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE

PY - 2006

Y1 - 2006

N2 - Previous investigations have shown promising results in using the directional cross-correlation method to estimate velocity vectors. The velocity vector estimate provides information on both velocity direction and magnitude. The direction is estimated by beamforming signals along directions in the range $[0^{\circ}; 180^{\circ}[$ and identifying the direction that produces the largest correlation across emissions. An estimate of the velocity magnitude is obtained from the spatial shift between signals beamformed along the estimated direction. This paper expands these investigations to include estimations of the vector velocities of a larger region by combining the estimations along several scan lines. In combination with a B-mode image, the vector velocities are displayed as an image of the investigated region with a color indicating the magnitude, and arrows showing the direction of the flow. Using the RASMUS experimental ultrasound scanner, measurements have been carried out in a water tank using a 7~MHz transducer. A 6~mm tube contained the flow and a Danfoss, MAG~3000, magnetic flow meter measured the volume flow. The tube has a parabolic flow profile with a peak velocity of 0.29~m/s. During the experiments fixed beam-to-flow angles at $\{60^{\circ}, 75^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}\}$ have been applied. The images are obtained using a pulse repetition frequency of 15~kHz, and the images contain 33~lines with 60~emissions for each line. Corresponding to the three fixed beam-to-flow angles, the angle estimates along the center scan line have a bias of $\{-3.9^{\circ},-12.8^{\circ},-18.1^{\circ}\}$ and standard deviation of $\{10.0^{\circ},18.2^{\circ},32.2^{\circ}\}$. The estimates of the velocity magnitude have bias of $\{4.4\%,8.1\%,-5.4\%\}$ and standard deviation of $\{9.7\%,14.3\%,13.4\%\}$ relative to the peak velocity. The amount of in-tube angle estimates in the range of $\pm 10^{\circ}$ from the true angle are $\{74\%,77\%,66\%\}$. In-vivo measurements are carried out on a human volunteer. These measurements include the common carotid artery and the femoral bifurcation.

AB - Previous investigations have shown promising results in using the directional cross-correlation method to estimate velocity vectors. The velocity vector estimate provides information on both velocity direction and magnitude. The direction is estimated by beamforming signals along directions in the range $[0^{\circ}; 180^{\circ}[$ and identifying the direction that produces the largest correlation across emissions. An estimate of the velocity magnitude is obtained from the spatial shift between signals beamformed along the estimated direction. This paper expands these investigations to include estimations of the vector velocities of a larger region by combining the estimations along several scan lines. In combination with a B-mode image, the vector velocities are displayed as an image of the investigated region with a color indicating the magnitude, and arrows showing the direction of the flow. Using the RASMUS experimental ultrasound scanner, measurements have been carried out in a water tank using a 7~MHz transducer. A 6~mm tube contained the flow and a Danfoss, MAG~3000, magnetic flow meter measured the volume flow. The tube has a parabolic flow profile with a peak velocity of 0.29~m/s. During the experiments fixed beam-to-flow angles at $\{60^{\circ}, 75^{\circ}, 90^{\circ}\}$ have been applied. The images are obtained using a pulse repetition frequency of 15~kHz, and the images contain 33~lines with 60~emissions for each line. Corresponding to the three fixed beam-to-flow angles, the angle estimates along the center scan line have a bias of $\{-3.9^{\circ},-12.8^{\circ},-18.1^{\circ}\}$ and standard deviation of $\{10.0^{\circ},18.2^{\circ},32.2^{\circ}\}$. The estimates of the velocity magnitude have bias of $\{4.4\%,8.1\%,-5.4\%\}$ and standard deviation of $\{9.7\%,14.3\%,13.4\%\}$ relative to the peak velocity. The amount of in-tube angle estimates in the range of $\pm 10^{\circ}$ from the true angle are $\{74\%,77\%,66\%\}$. In-vivo measurements are carried out on a human volunteer. These measurements include the common carotid artery and the femoral bifurcation.

U2 - 10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.517

DO - 10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.517

M3 - Article in proceedings

SN - 1-4244-0201-8

SP - 2027

EP - 2031

BT - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium

PB - IEEE

T2 - 2006 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium

Y2 - 2 October 2006 through 6 October 2006

ER -

Vector Velocity Imaging Using Cross-Correlation and Virtual Sources

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