Value recovery from waste in the processing of buckwheat: Opportunities for a circular bioeconomy

In the processing of buckwheat to produce flour, wastes account for approximately 20 thus fomenting a circular bioeconomy. To that end, the following steps were taken: (a) characterizing the processing of buckwheat for flour production and the wastes generated; (b) listing existing actions for different uses of the wastes obtained in the processing of buckwheat; (c) categorizing the uses of buckwheat wastes according to the existing literature; and (d) classifying the potential uses of the wastes obtained in the processing of buckwheat within the categories identified. Buckwheat wastes can be used to produce goods in the sectors of fertilizers; food; chemical; pharmaceutical; fabrics, yarns, and threads; cements and asbestos; hygiene and personal products; and other products. Food (human and animal) products presented the greatest market attractiveness, followed by pharmaceutical products. However, potential for innovation considering the sectors' revenue point out that food and chemical products are the most promising. This study provides guidance on how to use innovation to guide opportunities for a more circular bioeconomy toward both environmental and economic benefits.