TY - JOUR
T1 - ULTIMATE Deblending. I. A 50-band Ultraviolet to Mid-infrared Photometric Catalog Combining Space- and Ground-based Data in the JWST/PRIMER Survey
AU - Sun, Hanwen
AU - Wang, Tao
AU - Xu, Ke
AU - Elbaz, David
AU - Merlin, Emiliano
AU - Cheng, Cheng
AU - Daddi, Emanuele
AU - Jin, Shuowen
AU - Wang, Wei hao
AU - Chen, Longyue
AU - Fontana, Adriano
AU - Gao, Zhen Kai
AU - Huang, Jiasheng
AU - Magnelli, Benjamin
AU - Sangalli, Valentina
AU - Wang, Yijun
AU - Yang, Tiancheng
AU - Zhang, Yuheng
AU - Zhou, Luwenjia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - Our understanding of the early Universe has long been limited by biased galaxy samples selected through various color criteria. With deep JWST infrared imaging, mass-complete galaxy samples can now be studied up to z ∼ 8 for the first time. However, recent work has revealed systematic uncertainties in measuring the physical properties of galaxies based solely on JWST/NIRCam and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry, due to their limited wavelength coverage. This highlights the need for supplementary data, particularly in the rest-frame UV and near-infrared. Here we present the ULTIMATE-deblending project, which will eventually deliver self-consistent UV to radio photometry for galaxies detected in deep JWST surveys, including both NIRCam and MIRI data. In this first paper, we release a 50-band photometric catalog spanning CFHT U to JWST/MIRI F1800W, covering a total of 627.1 arcmin2 across two JWST/PRIMER fields. We detail the reduction of the JWST imaging data, the photometric procedures, and the spectral-energy-distribution-fitting methodology used to derive the galaxy properties. Compared with photometry including only HST and JWST bands, the inclusion of deblended low-resolution photometry from ground-based telescopes improves the accuracy of photometric redshifts by ∼40%, while reducing the outlier fraction by ∼60%. This galaxy sample can serve as a key reference for statistical studies of galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe. All catalogs and JWST mosaics from the ULTIMATE-deblending project have been made publicly available.
AB - Our understanding of the early Universe has long been limited by biased galaxy samples selected through various color criteria. With deep JWST infrared imaging, mass-complete galaxy samples can now be studied up to z ∼ 8 for the first time. However, recent work has revealed systematic uncertainties in measuring the physical properties of galaxies based solely on JWST/NIRCam and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry, due to their limited wavelength coverage. This highlights the need for supplementary data, particularly in the rest-frame UV and near-infrared. Here we present the ULTIMATE-deblending project, which will eventually deliver self-consistent UV to radio photometry for galaxies detected in deep JWST surveys, including both NIRCam and MIRI data. In this first paper, we release a 50-band photometric catalog spanning CFHT U to JWST/MIRI F1800W, covering a total of 627.1 arcmin2 across two JWST/PRIMER fields. We detail the reduction of the JWST imaging data, the photometric procedures, and the spectral-energy-distribution-fitting methodology used to derive the galaxy properties. Compared with photometry including only HST and JWST bands, the inclusion of deblended low-resolution photometry from ground-based telescopes improves the accuracy of photometric redshifts by ∼40%, while reducing the outlier fraction by ∼60%. This galaxy sample can serve as a key reference for statistical studies of galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe. All catalogs and JWST mosaics from the ULTIMATE-deblending project have been made publicly available.
KW - Catalogs (205)
KW - Galaxies (573)
KW - Galaxy photometry (611)
KW - High-redshift galaxies (734)
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4365/ae69d2
DO - 10.3847/1538-4365/ae69d2
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:105041868343
SN - 0067-0049
VL - 285
JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
M1 - 1
ER -