Towards an optimal experimental design for N2O model calibration during biological nitrogen removal

Process models describing nitrous oxide (N₂O) production during biological nitrogen removal allow for the development of mitigation strategies of this potent greenhouse gas. N₂O is an intermediate of nitrogen removal, hence its prediction is negatively affected by the uncertainty associated to its substrates. Improving experimental designs for model calibration reduces prediction uncertainties. Moreover, the individual analysis of autotrophic and heterotrophic contribution to the total NO and N₂O pool was assessed for already proposed model structures under different experimental scenarios. The results show the need for information-rich experiemental designs to assess the predicting capabilities of N₂O models. This work represents a step further in understanding the N₂O production and emissions associated to conventional wastewater treatment. Moreovere, it will facilitate the development of strategies to minimize the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants.