TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars

Brett C. Addison; Emil Knudstrup; Ian Wong; Guillaume Hébrard; Patrick Dorval; Ignas Snellen; Simon Albrecht; Aaron Bello-Arufe; Jose-Manuel Almenara; Isabelle Boisse; Xavier Bonfils; Shweta Dalal; Olivier D. S. Demangeon; Sergio Hoyer; Flavien Kiefer; N. C. Santos; Grzegorz Nowak; Rafael Luque; Monika Stangret; Enric Palle; René Tronsgaard; Victoria Antoci; Lars A. Buchhave; Maximilian N. Günther; Tansu Daylan; Felipe Murgas; Hannu Parviainen; Emma Esparza-Borges; Nicolas Crouzet; Norio Narita; Akihiko Fukui; Kiyoe Kawauchi; Noriharu Watanabe; Markus Rabus; Marshall C. Johnson; Gilles P. P. L. Otten; Geert Jan Talens; Samuel H. C. Cabot; Debra A. Fischer; Frank Grundahl; Mads Fredslund Andersen; Jens Jessen-Hansen; Pere Pallé; Avi Shporer; David R. Ciardi; Jake T. Clark; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Duncan J. Wright; Jonathan Horner; Karen A. Collins; Eric L. N. Jensen; John F. Kielkopf; Richard P. Schwarz; Gregor Srdoc; Mesut Yilmaz; Hakan Volkan Senavci; Brendan Diamond; Daniel Harbeck; Thaddeus D. Komacek; Jeffrey C. Smith; Songhu Wang; Jason D. Eastman; Keivan G. Stassun; David W. Latham; Roland Vanderspek; Sara Seager; Joshua N. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Dana R. Louie; Luke G. Bouma; Joseph D. Twicken; Alan M. Levine; Brian McLean

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e

TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars

Brett C. Addison^*, Emil Knudstrup, Ian Wong, Guillaume Hébrard, Patrick Dorval, Ignas Snellen, Simon Albrecht, Aaron Bello-Arufe, Jose-Manuel Almenara, Isabelle Boisse, Xavier Bonfils, Shweta Dalal, Olivier D. S. Demangeon, Sergio Hoyer, Flavien Kiefer, N. C. Santos, Grzegorz Nowak, Rafael Luque, Monika Stangret, Enric PalleRené Tronsgaard, Victoria Antoci, Lars A. Buchhave, Maximilian N. Günther, Tansu Daylan, Felipe Murgas, Hannu Parviainen, Emma Esparza-Borges, Nicolas Crouzet, Norio Narita, Akihiko Fukui, Kiyoe Kawauchi, Noriharu Watanabe, Markus Rabus, Marshall C. Johnson, Gilles P. P. L. Otten, Geert Jan Talens, Samuel H. C. Cabot, Debra A. Fischer, Frank Grundahl, Mads Fredslund Andersen, Jens Jessen-Hansen, Pere Pallé, Avi Shporer, David R. Ciardi, Jake T. Clark, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Duncan J. Wright, Jonathan Horner, Karen A. Collins, Eric L. N. Jensen, John F. Kielkopf, Richard P. Schwarz, Gregor Srdoc, Mesut Yilmaz, Hakan Volkan Senavci, Brendan Diamond, Daniel Harbeck, Thaddeus D. Komacek, Jeffrey C. Smith, Songhu Wang, Jason D. Eastman, Keivan G. Stassun, David W. Latham, Roland Vanderspek, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Dana R. Louie, Luke G. Bouma, Joseph D. Twicken, Alan M. Levine, Brian McLean

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aarhus University

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Abstract

We present the discovery of a highly irradiated and moderately inflated ultrahot Jupiter, TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5 b (HD 201033b), first detected by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) and the Multi-site All-Sky Camera (MASCARA). The signal was established to be of planetary origin through radial velocity measurements obtained using SONG, SOPHIE, FIES, NRES, and EXPRES, which show a reflex motion of K = 294.1 ± 1.1 m s⁻¹. A joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements reveals that TOI-1431b has a mass of M_p = 3.12 ± 0.18 M_J (990 ± 60 M_⊕), an inflated radius of R_p = 1.49 ± 0.05 R_J (16.7 ± 0.6 R_⊕), and an orbital period of P = 2.650237 ± 0.000003 days. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the host star reveals that the planet orbits a bright (V = 8.049 mag) and young ( Gyr) Am type star with K, resulting in a highly irradiated planet with an incident flux of 10⁹ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² () and an equilibrium temperature of T_eq = 2370 ± 70 K. TESS photometry also reveals a secondary eclipse with a depth of ppm as well as the full phase curve of the planet's thermal emission in the red-optical. This has allowed us to measure the dayside and nightside temperature of its atmosphere as T_day = 3004 ± 64 K and T_night = 2583 ± 63 K, the second hottest measured nightside temperature. The planet's low day/night temperature contrast (∼420 K) suggests very efficient heat transport between the dayside and nightside hemispheres. Given the host star brightness and estimated secondary eclipse depth of ∼1000 ppm in the K band, the secondary eclipse is potentially detectable at near-IR wavelengths with ground-based facilities, and the planet is ideal for intensive atmospheric characterization through transmission and emission spectroscopy from space missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey.

Original language	English
Article number	292
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	162
Issue number	6
Number of pages	29
ISSN	0004-6256
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e
Publication status	Published - 2021

Keywords

Exoplanets
Hot Jupiters
Transit photometry
Radial velocity

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Addison, B. C., Knudstrup, E., Wong, I., Hébrard, G., Dorval, P., Snellen, I., Albrecht, S., Bello-Arufe, A., Almenara, J.-M., Boisse, I., Bonfils, X., Dalal, S., Demangeon, O. D. S., Hoyer, S., Kiefer, F., Santos, N. C., Nowak, G., Luque, R., Stangret, M., ... McLean, B. (2021). TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars. Astronomical Journal, 162(6), Article 292. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e

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title = "TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars",

abstract = "We present the discovery of a highly irradiated and moderately inflated ultrahot Jupiter, TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5 b (HD 201033b), first detected by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) and the Multi-site All-Sky Camera (MASCARA). The signal was established to be of planetary origin through radial velocity measurements obtained using SONG, SOPHIE, FIES, NRES, and EXPRES, which show a reflex motion of K = 294.1 ± 1.1 m s−1. A joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements reveals that TOI-1431b has a mass of Mp = 3.12 ± 0.18 MJ (990 ± 60 M⊕), an inflated radius of Rp = 1.49 ± 0.05 RJ (16.7 ± 0.6 R⊕), and an orbital period of P = 2.650237 ± 0.000003 days. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the host star reveals that the planet orbits a bright (V = 8.049 mag) and young ( Gyr) Am type star with K, resulting in a highly irradiated planet with an incident flux of 109 erg s−1 cm−2 () and an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 2370 ± 70 K. TESS photometry also reveals a secondary eclipse with a depth of ppm as well as the full phase curve of the planet's thermal emission in the red-optical. This has allowed us to measure the dayside and nightside temperature of its atmosphere as Tday = 3004 ± 64 K and Tnight = 2583 ± 63 K, the second hottest measured nightside temperature. The planet's low day/night temperature contrast (∼420 K) suggests very efficient heat transport between the dayside and nightside hemispheres. Given the host star brightness and estimated secondary eclipse depth of ∼1000 ppm in the K band, the secondary eclipse is potentially detectable at near-IR wavelengths with ground-based facilities, and the planet is ideal for intensive atmospheric characterization through transmission and emission spectroscopy from space missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey.",

keywords = "Exoplanets, Hot Jupiters, Transit photometry, Radial velocity",

author = "Addison, {Brett C.} and Emil Knudstrup and Ian Wong and Guillaume H{\'e}brard and Patrick Dorval and Ignas Snellen and Simon Albrecht and Aaron Bello-Arufe and Jose-Manuel Almenara and Isabelle Boisse and Xavier Bonfils and Shweta Dalal and Demangeon, {Olivier D. S.} and Sergio Hoyer and Flavien Kiefer and Santos, {N. C.} and Grzegorz Nowak and Rafael Luque and Monika Stangret and Enric Palle and Ren{\'e} Tronsgaard and Victoria Antoci and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and G{\"u}nther, {Maximilian N.} and Tansu Daylan and Felipe Murgas and Hannu Parviainen and Emma Esparza-Borges and Nicolas Crouzet and Norio Narita and Akihiko Fukui and Kiyoe Kawauchi and Noriharu Watanabe and Markus Rabus and Johnson, {Marshall C.} and Otten, {Gilles P. P. L.} and Talens, {Geert Jan} and Cabot, {Samuel H. C.} and Fischer, {Debra A.} and Frank Grundahl and Andersen, {Mads Fredslund} and Jens Jessen-Hansen and Pere Pall{\'e} and Avi Shporer and Ciardi, {David R.} and Clark, {Jake T.} and Wittenmyer, {Robert A.} and Wright, {Duncan J.} and Jonathan Horner and Collins, {Karen A.} and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Kielkopf, {John F.} and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Gregor Srdoc and Mesut Yilmaz and Senavci, {Hakan Volkan} and Brendan Diamond and Daniel Harbeck and Komacek, {Thaddeus D.} and Smith, {Jeffrey C.} and Songhu Wang and Eastman, {Jason D.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Latham, {David W.} and Roland Vanderspek and Sara Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Louie, {Dana R.} and Bouma, {Luke G.} and Twicken, {Joseph D.} and Levine, {Alan M.} and Brian McLean",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e",

language = "English",

volume = "162",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "IOP Publishing",

number = "6",

}

Addison, BC, Knudstrup, E, Wong, I, Hébrard, G, Dorval, P, Snellen, I, Albrecht, S, Bello-Arufe, A, Almenara, J-M, Boisse, I, Bonfils, X, Dalal, S, Demangeon, ODS, Hoyer, S, Kiefer, F, Santos, NC, Nowak, G, Luque, R, Stangret, M, Palle, E, Tronsgaard, R, Antoci, V , Buchhave, LA, Günther, MN, Daylan, T, Murgas, F, Parviainen, H, Esparza-Borges, E, Crouzet, N, Narita, N, Fukui, A, Kawauchi, K, Watanabe, N, Rabus, M, Johnson, MC, Otten, GPPL, Talens, GJ, Cabot, SHC, Fischer, DA, Grundahl, F, Andersen, MF, Jessen-Hansen, J, Pallé, P, Shporer, A, Ciardi, DR, Clark, JT, Wittenmyer, RA, Wright, DJ, Horner, J, Collins, KA, Jensen, ELN, Kielkopf, JF, Schwarz, RP, Srdoc, G, Yilmaz, M, Senavci, HV, Diamond, B, Harbeck, D, Komacek, TD, Smith, JC, Wang, S, Eastman, JD, Stassun, KG, Latham, DW, Vanderspek, R, Seager, S, Winn, JN, Jenkins, JM, Louie, DR, Bouma, LG, Twicken, JD, Levine, AM & McLean, B 2021, 'TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars', Astronomical Journal, vol. 162, no. 6, 292. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e

TY - JOUR

T1 - TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars

AU - Addison, Brett C.

AU - Knudstrup, Emil

AU - Wong, Ian

AU - Hébrard, Guillaume

AU - Dorval, Patrick

AU - Snellen, Ignas

AU - Albrecht, Simon

AU - Bello-Arufe, Aaron

AU - Almenara, Jose-Manuel

AU - Boisse, Isabelle

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Dalal, Shweta

AU - Demangeon, Olivier D. S.

AU - Hoyer, Sergio

AU - Kiefer, Flavien

AU - Santos, N. C.

AU - Nowak, Grzegorz

AU - Luque, Rafael

AU - Stangret, Monika

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Tronsgaard, René

AU - Antoci, Victoria

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Günther, Maximilian N.

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Murgas, Felipe

AU - Parviainen, Hannu

AU - Esparza-Borges, Emma

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Narita, Norio

AU - Fukui, Akihiko

AU - Kawauchi, Kiyoe

AU - Watanabe, Noriharu

AU - Rabus, Markus

AU - Johnson, Marshall C.

AU - Otten, Gilles P. P. L.

AU - Talens, Geert Jan

AU - Cabot, Samuel H. C.

AU - Fischer, Debra A.

AU - Grundahl, Frank

AU - Andersen, Mads Fredslund

AU - Jessen-Hansen, Jens

AU - Pallé, Pere

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Clark, Jake T.

AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A.

AU - Wright, Duncan J.

AU - Horner, Jonathan

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Kielkopf, John F.

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Srdoc, Gregor

AU - Yilmaz, Mesut

AU - Senavci, Hakan Volkan

AU - Diamond, Brendan

AU - Harbeck, Daniel

AU - Komacek, Thaddeus D.

AU - Smith, Jeffrey C.

AU - Wang, Songhu

AU - Eastman, Jason D.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Louie, Dana R.

AU - Bouma, Luke G.

AU - Twicken, Joseph D.

AU - Levine, Alan M.

AU - McLean, Brian

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - We present the discovery of a highly irradiated and moderately inflated ultrahot Jupiter, TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5 b (HD 201033b), first detected by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) and the Multi-site All-Sky Camera (MASCARA). The signal was established to be of planetary origin through radial velocity measurements obtained using SONG, SOPHIE, FIES, NRES, and EXPRES, which show a reflex motion of K = 294.1 ± 1.1 m s−1. A joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements reveals that TOI-1431b has a mass of Mp = 3.12 ± 0.18 MJ (990 ± 60 M⊕), an inflated radius of Rp = 1.49 ± 0.05 RJ (16.7 ± 0.6 R⊕), and an orbital period of P = 2.650237 ± 0.000003 days. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the host star reveals that the planet orbits a bright (V = 8.049 mag) and young ( Gyr) Am type star with K, resulting in a highly irradiated planet with an incident flux of 109 erg s−1 cm−2 () and an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 2370 ± 70 K. TESS photometry also reveals a secondary eclipse with a depth of ppm as well as the full phase curve of the planet's thermal emission in the red-optical. This has allowed us to measure the dayside and nightside temperature of its atmosphere as Tday = 3004 ± 64 K and Tnight = 2583 ± 63 K, the second hottest measured nightside temperature. The planet's low day/night temperature contrast (∼420 K) suggests very efficient heat transport between the dayside and nightside hemispheres. Given the host star brightness and estimated secondary eclipse depth of ∼1000 ppm in the K band, the secondary eclipse is potentially detectable at near-IR wavelengths with ground-based facilities, and the planet is ideal for intensive atmospheric characterization through transmission and emission spectroscopy from space missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey.

AB - We present the discovery of a highly irradiated and moderately inflated ultrahot Jupiter, TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5 b (HD 201033b), first detected by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) and the Multi-site All-Sky Camera (MASCARA). The signal was established to be of planetary origin through radial velocity measurements obtained using SONG, SOPHIE, FIES, NRES, and EXPRES, which show a reflex motion of K = 294.1 ± 1.1 m s−1. A joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements reveals that TOI-1431b has a mass of Mp = 3.12 ± 0.18 MJ (990 ± 60 M⊕), an inflated radius of Rp = 1.49 ± 0.05 RJ (16.7 ± 0.6 R⊕), and an orbital period of P = 2.650237 ± 0.000003 days. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the host star reveals that the planet orbits a bright (V = 8.049 mag) and young ( Gyr) Am type star with K, resulting in a highly irradiated planet with an incident flux of 109 erg s−1 cm−2 () and an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 2370 ± 70 K. TESS photometry also reveals a secondary eclipse with a depth of ppm as well as the full phase curve of the planet's thermal emission in the red-optical. This has allowed us to measure the dayside and nightside temperature of its atmosphere as Tday = 3004 ± 64 K and Tnight = 2583 ± 63 K, the second hottest measured nightside temperature. The planet's low day/night temperature contrast (∼420 K) suggests very efficient heat transport between the dayside and nightside hemispheres. Given the host star brightness and estimated secondary eclipse depth of ∼1000 ppm in the K band, the secondary eclipse is potentially detectable at near-IR wavelengths with ground-based facilities, and the planet is ideal for intensive atmospheric characterization through transmission and emission spectroscopy from space missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey.

KW - Exoplanets

KW - Hot Jupiters

KW - Transit photometry

KW - Radial velocity

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac224e

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 162

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 6

M1 - 292

ER -

TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultrahot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest and Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars

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