Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites

Ashish K. Bangaru; Bent F. Sørensen; Lars P. Mikkelsen

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109502

Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites

Ashish K. Bangaru^*, Bent F. Sørensen, Lars P. Mikkelsen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Microscale fatigue damage evolution of off-axis tunnelling cracks was investigated for noncrimp fabric composites used in wind turbine blades. Test specimens fabricated from a multidirectional laminate of the layup sequence [_b0/_b60/_b0/_b-60]_s(with subscript ’b’ representing backing) with glass fibres and epoxy resin, were subjected to cyclic tension-tension loads. Following the testing, small-sized off-axis samples with sides parallel to the major −60^◦ off-axis fibre bundle were cut from the gauge zone of the tested specimens and were investigated by X-ray computed tomography using a dye penetrant. The height of the tunnelling cracks was found to vary in both the one-bundle +60^◦and the two-bundle −60^◦₂plies of the laminate. In the presence of the resin rich pockets above or below crack-tips in the thickness direction, the cracks were observed to penetrate with twisted crack planes aligned perpendicular to the overall loading direction. In the presence of backing, the crack-tips either continued to penetrate between fibres along fibre/matrix interface or deflected at near right angles on the fibre, depending on the orientation of backing fibres. The experimental observations of crack penetration and crack deflection mechanisms were analysed with respect to a crack deflection criterion.

Original language	English
Article number	109502
Journal	Composites Science and Technology
Volume	226
Number of pages	13
ISSN	0266-3538
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109502
Publication status	Published - 2022

Keywords

Fibre-reinformed polymer (FRP) composites
Multidirectional laminates
Off-axis cracks
Crack deflection
Crack penetration

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3DIM: 3D imaging center
Poulsen, H. F. (Project Manager), Gundlach, C. (Project Manager), Dahl, A. B. (Project Participant), Oddershede, J. (Project Participant), Trinderup, C. H. (Project Participant), Simonsen, S. B. (Project Participant), Zheng, Y. (Project Participant), Brink, B. (Project Participant), Lauridsen, T. (Project Participant), Thydén, K. T. S. (Project Participant), Sanna, S. (Project Participant), Baier-Stegmaier, S. M. (Project Participant), Bentzen, J. J. (Project Participant), Christensen, A. N. (Project Participant), Sørensen, H. O. (Project Participant), Mikkelsen, L. P. (Project Participant), Fæster, S. (Project Participant), Johansen, N.F.-J. (PI), Mokso, R. (PI), Kjer, H. M. (PI), Christensen, A. N. (PI), Quagliotti, D. (PI), Zhang, Y. (PI), Rasmussen, P. W. (PI) & Dahl, V. A. (PI)
01/01/2016 → 31/12/2029
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Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites
Bangaru, A. K. (Creator), Mikkelsen, L. P. (Creator) & Sørensen, B. F. (Creator), Technical University of Denmark, 2022
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5653349, http://10.5281/zenodo.5653349
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title = "Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites",

abstract = "Microscale fatigue damage evolution of off-axis tunnelling cracks was investigated for noncrimp fabric composites used in wind turbine blades. Test specimens fabricated from a multidirectional laminate of the layup sequence [b0/b60/b0/b-60]s (with subscript {\textquoteright}b{\textquoteright} representing backing) with glass fibres and epoxy resin, were subjected to cyclic tension-tension loads. Following the testing, small-sized off-axis samples with sides parallel to the major −60◦ off-axis fibre bundle were cut from the gauge zone of the tested specimens and were investigated by X-ray computed tomography using a dye penetrant. The height of the tunnelling cracks was found to vary in both the one-bundle +60◦ and the two-bundle −60◦2 plies of the laminate. In the presence of the resin rich pockets above or below crack-tips in the thickness direction, the cracks were observed to penetrate with twisted crack planes aligned perpendicular to the overall loading direction. In the presence of backing, the crack-tips either continued to penetrate between fibres along fibre/matrix interface or deflected at near right angles on the fibre, depending on the orientation of backing fibres. The experimental observations of crack penetration and crack deflection mechanisms were analysed with respect to a crack deflection criterion.",

keywords = "Fibre-reinformed polymer (FRP) composites, Multidirectional laminates, Off-axis cracks, Crack deflection, Crack penetration",

author = "Bangaru, {Ashish K.} and S{\o}rensen, {Bent F.} and Mikkelsen, {Lars P.}",

year = "2022",

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T1 - Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites

AU - Bangaru, Ashish K.

AU - Sørensen, Bent F.

AU - Mikkelsen, Lars P.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Microscale fatigue damage evolution of off-axis tunnelling cracks was investigated for noncrimp fabric composites used in wind turbine blades. Test specimens fabricated from a multidirectional laminate of the layup sequence [b0/b60/b0/b-60]s (with subscript ’b’ representing backing) with glass fibres and epoxy resin, were subjected to cyclic tension-tension loads. Following the testing, small-sized off-axis samples with sides parallel to the major −60◦ off-axis fibre bundle were cut from the gauge zone of the tested specimens and were investigated by X-ray computed tomography using a dye penetrant. The height of the tunnelling cracks was found to vary in both the one-bundle +60◦ and the two-bundle −60◦2 plies of the laminate. In the presence of the resin rich pockets above or below crack-tips in the thickness direction, the cracks were observed to penetrate with twisted crack planes aligned perpendicular to the overall loading direction. In the presence of backing, the crack-tips either continued to penetrate between fibres along fibre/matrix interface or deflected at near right angles on the fibre, depending on the orientation of backing fibres. The experimental observations of crack penetration and crack deflection mechanisms were analysed with respect to a crack deflection criterion.

AB - Microscale fatigue damage evolution of off-axis tunnelling cracks was investigated for noncrimp fabric composites used in wind turbine blades. Test specimens fabricated from a multidirectional laminate of the layup sequence [b0/b60/b0/b-60]s (with subscript ’b’ representing backing) with glass fibres and epoxy resin, were subjected to cyclic tension-tension loads. Following the testing, small-sized off-axis samples with sides parallel to the major −60◦ off-axis fibre bundle were cut from the gauge zone of the tested specimens and were investigated by X-ray computed tomography using a dye penetrant. The height of the tunnelling cracks was found to vary in both the one-bundle +60◦ and the two-bundle −60◦2 plies of the laminate. In the presence of the resin rich pockets above or below crack-tips in the thickness direction, the cracks were observed to penetrate with twisted crack planes aligned perpendicular to the overall loading direction. In the presence of backing, the crack-tips either continued to penetrate between fibres along fibre/matrix interface or deflected at near right angles on the fibre, depending on the orientation of backing fibres. The experimental observations of crack penetration and crack deflection mechanisms were analysed with respect to a crack deflection criterion.

KW - Fibre-reinformed polymer (FRP) composites

KW - Multidirectional laminates

KW - Off-axis cracks

KW - Crack deflection

KW - Crack penetration

U2 - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109502

DO - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109502

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0266-3538

VL - 226

JO - Composites Science and Technology

JF - Composites Science and Technology

M1 - 109502

ER -

Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites

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Three dimensional microscale characterization of off-axis tunnelling cracks in non-crimp fabric based composites

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