The role of fluorine in stabilizing the bioactive conformation of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an important drug target due to its prominent role in pyrimidine biosynthesis. Leflunomide and brequinar are two well-known DHODH inhibitors, which bind to the enzyme in the same pocket with different binding modes. We have recently realized a series of new inhibitors based on the 4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazole ring, whose activity profile was found to be closely dependent on the degree of fluorine substitution at the phenyl ring adjacent to the oxadiazole moiety; a positive influence of fluorine on the DHODH inhibitory potency was observed previously [Baumgartner et al. (2006) J Med Chem 49:1239-1247]. Potential energy surface scans showed that fluorine plays an important role in stabilizing the bioactive conformations; additionally, fluorine influences the balance between leflunomide-like and brequinar-like binding modes. These findings may serve as a guide to design more potent DHODH inhibitors.