TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of ecological context and predation risk-stimuli in revealing the true picture about the genetic basis of boldness evolution in fish
AU - Klefoth, Thomas
AU - Skov, Christian
AU - Krause, Jens
AU - Arlinghaus, Robert
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - To showcase the importance of genotype × environment
interactions and the presence of predation risk in the
experimental assessment of boldness in fish, we investigated
boldness in terms of feeding behavior and refuge use in two
genetically different populations of juvenile carp (Cyprinus
carpio) in two replicated experimental conditions in ponds
and laboratory tanks. The populations were expected to exhibit
genetic differences in boldness due to differential evolutionary
adaptation to low-predation-risk pond aquaculture conditions.
Boldness was measured in variants of open-field trials with and
without implementation of additional predation risk-stimuli by
angling on feeding spots. Without explicit implementation of
risk, genotypes adapted to low-risk environments, i.e., domesticated
mirror carp behaved consistently bolder than their less
domesticated scaled conspecifics in the pond environment, but
not in the laboratory environment. When we implemented
artificial risk-stimuli by angling on previously safe feeding
spots, boldness differences among genotypes also emerged in
the laboratory environment, indicating strong genotype
AB - To showcase the importance of genotype × environment
interactions and the presence of predation risk in the
experimental assessment of boldness in fish, we investigated
boldness in terms of feeding behavior and refuge use in two
genetically different populations of juvenile carp (Cyprinus
carpio) in two replicated experimental conditions in ponds
and laboratory tanks. The populations were expected to exhibit
genetic differences in boldness due to differential evolutionary
adaptation to low-predation-risk pond aquaculture conditions.
Boldness was measured in variants of open-field trials with and
without implementation of additional predation risk-stimuli by
angling on feeding spots. Without explicit implementation of
risk, genotypes adapted to low-risk environments, i.e., domesticated
mirror carp behaved consistently bolder than their less
domesticated scaled conspecifics in the pond environment, but
not in the laboratory environment. When we implemented
artificial risk-stimuli by angling on previously safe feeding
spots, boldness differences among genotypes also emerged in
the laboratory environment, indicating strong genotype
U2 - 10.1007/s00265-011-1303-2
DO - 10.1007/s00265-011-1303-2
M3 - Journal article
VL - 66
SP - 547
EP - 559
JO - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
JF - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
SN - 0340-5443
IS - 4
ER -