The Potential of Biocatalysts for Pollutant Removal: Efficient Remediation and Toxicity Removal

Biocatalysts, primarily enzymes derived from microorganisms, plants, and animals, present a promising solution for environmental pollutant remediation. Unlike traditional chemical methods, which often involve harsh reagents and high energy consumption, enzymes offer a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. These biocatalysts operate under mild conditions, reducing the generation of harmful by-products and minimizing energy usage. However, selecting the right enzyme is critical, as each targets specific pollutants: oxidoreductases like laccase are effective against phenolic compounds and pharmaceuticals, whereas hydrolases, including esterases and lipases, target organic pollutants like pesticides and oils. Optimizing parameters such as temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration can further enhance the process’s efficiency. This chapter discusses the potential of biocatalysts in pollutant degradation and toxicity reduction, examining their advantages, limitations, and critical process considerations. By understanding enzyme specificity and process optimization, biocatalytic remediation strategies can be effectively implemented to address diverse environmental contaminants, offering a pathway to more sustainable pollution management solutions.