TY - JOUR
T1 - The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana.
AU - Rasmussen, Morten
AU - Anzick, Sarah L.
AU - Waters, Michael R
AU - Skoglund, Pontus
AU - DeGiorgio, Michael
AU - Stafford, Thomas W, Jr
AU - Rasmussen, Simon
AU - Moltke, Ida
AU - Albrechtsen, Anders
AU - Doyle, Shane M
AU - Poznik, G David
AU - Gudmundsdottir, Valborg
AU - Yadav, Rachita
AU - Malaspinas, Anna Sapfo
AU - White, Samuel Stockton, 5th
AU - Allentoft, Morten Erik
AU - Cornejo, Omar E.
AU - Tambets, Kristiina
AU - Eriksson, Anders
AU - Heintzman, Peter D.
AU - Karmin, Monika
AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand
AU - Meltzer, David J.
AU - Pierre, Tracey Lynn
AU - Stenderup, Jesper
AU - Saag, Lauri
AU - Warmuth, Vera M
AU - Lopes, Margarida C
AU - Malhi, Ripan S.
AU - Brunak, Søren
AU - Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas
AU - Barnes, Ian
AU - Collins, Matthew
AU - Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre
AU - Balloux, Francois
AU - Manica, Andrea
AU - Gupta, Ramneek
AU - Metspalu, Mait
AU - Bustamante, Carlos D
AU - Jakobsson, Mattias
AU - Nielsen, Rasmus
AU - Willerslev, Eske
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 (14)C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.
AB - Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 (14)C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.
U2 - 10.1038/nature13025
DO - 10.1038/nature13025
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24522598
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 506
SP - 225
EP - 229
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
IS - 7487
ER -