The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

Maanasa Raghavan; Michael DeGiorgio; Anders Albrechtsen; Ida Moltke; Pontus Skoglund; Thorfinn S. Korneliussen; Bjarne Grønnow; Martin Appelt; Hans Christian Gulløv; T. Max Friesen; William Fitzhugh; Helena Malmström; Simon Rasmussen; Jesper Olsen; Linea Melchior; Benjamin T. Fuller; Simon M. Fahrni; Thomas Stafford; Vaughan Grimes; M. A. Priscilla Renouf; Jerome Cybulski; Niels Lynnerup; Marta Mirazon Lahr; Kate Britton; Rick Knecht; Jette Arneborg; Mait Metspalu; Omar E. Cornejo; Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas; Yong Wang; Morten Rasmussen; Vibha Raghavan; Thomas V. O. Hansen; Elza Khusnutdinova; Tracey Pierre; Kirill Dneprovsky; Claus Andreasen; Hans Lange; M. Geoffrey Hayes; Joan Coltrain; Victor A. Spitsyn; Anders Gotherstrom; Ludovic Orlando; Toomas Kivisild; Richard Villems; Michael H. Crawford; Finn C. Nielsen; Jørgen Dissing; Jan Heinemeier; Morten Meldgaard; Carlos Bustamante; Dennis H. O'Rourke; Mattias Jakobsson; M. Thomas P. Gilbert; Rasmus Nielsen; Eske Willerslev

doi:10.1126/science.1255832

The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

Maanasa Raghavan
, Michael DeGiorgio
, Anders Albrechtsen
, Ida Moltke
, Pontus Skoglund
, Thorfinn S. Korneliussen
, Bjarne Grønnow
, Martin Appelt
, Hans Christian Gulløv
, T. Max Friesen
, William Fitzhugh
, Helena Malmström
, Simon Rasmussen
, Jesper Olsen
, Linea Melchior
, Benjamin T. Fuller
, Simon M. Fahrni
, Thomas Stafford
, Vaughan Grimes
, M. A. Priscilla Renouf

Jerome Cybulski, Niels Lynnerup, Marta Mirazon Lahr, Kate Britton, Rick Knecht, Jette Arneborg, Mait Metspalu, Omar E. Cornejo, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Yong Wang, Morten Rasmussen, Vibha Raghavan, Thomas V. O. Hansen, Elza Khusnutdinova, Tracey Pierre, Kirill Dneprovsky, Claus Andreasen, Hans Lange, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Joan Coltrain, Victor A. Spitsyn, Anders Gotherstrom, Ludovic Orlando, Toomas Kivisild, Richard Villems, Michael H. Crawford, Finn C. Nielsen, Jørgen Dissing, Jan Heinemeier, Morten Meldgaard, Carlos Bustamante, Dennis H. O'Rourke, Mattias Jakobsson, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Rasmus Nielsen, Eske Willerslev

University of Copenhagen
Pennsylvania State University
Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
National Museum of Denmark
University of Toronto
Smithsonian Institution
Uppsala University
Aarhus University
University of California at Irvine
Max Planck Institute
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Western University
University of Cambridge
University of Aberdeen
University of Tartu
Washington State University Misc. Campuses
AncestryDNA
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
Bashkir State University
State Museum for Oriental Art
Greenland National Museum and Archives
Northwestern University
University of Utah
Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
Stockholm University
University of Kansas
Stanford University
University of California at Berkeley

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (similar to 3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.

Original language	English
Article number	1255832
Journal	Science
Volume	345
Issue number	6200
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255832
Publication status	Published - 2014

Keywords

Alaska
Arctic Regions
Base Sequence
Bone and Bones
Canada
DNA, Mitochondrial
Genome, Human
Greenland
Hair
History, Ancient
Human Migration
Humans
Inuits
Molecular Sequence Data
Siberia
Survivors
Tooth
Alaska USA, North America Nearctic region
Aleutian Islands North Pacific Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean
Canada North America Nearctic region
Greenland Nearctic region
Siberia Russia, Asia, Europe Palearctic region
archeology
gene flow
genetic prehistory
genome-wide sequence data
geographical distribution
species migration
Primates Mammalia Vertebrata Chordata Animalia (Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates) - Hominidae [86215] human common Fossil Native American, Inuit
03506, Genetics - Animal
03508, Genetics - Human
03509, Genetics - Population genetics
05000, Physical anthropology and ethnobiology
10062, Biochemistry studies - Nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines
62520, Chordata: general and systematic - Mammalia
63000, Paleozoology
64500, Paleobiology
Population Studies
GSE59546 Gene Expression Omnibus nucleotide sequence
PRJEB6516 European Nucleotide Archive nucleotide sequence
Anthropology
Human Geography
Paleobiology
Population Genetics
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
POPULATION HISTORY
GENOME SEQUENCE
MTDNA VARIATION
GREENLAND
ADMIXTURE
AMERICA
CANADA
ESKIMO
DORSET
DIVERSITY
Research Articles
GENETICS
ONLINE

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10.1126/science.1255832

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Raghavan, M., DeGiorgio, M., Albrechtsen, A., Moltke, I., Skoglund, P., Korneliussen, T. S., Grønnow, B., Appelt, M., Gulløv, H. C., Friesen, T. M., Fitzhugh, W., Malmström, H., Rasmussen, S., Olsen, J., Melchior, L., Fuller, B. T., Fahrni, S. M., Stafford, T., Grimes, V., ... Willerslev, E. (2014). The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic. Science, 345(6200), Article 1255832. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255832

@article{38d35f0c280847f39decb83ad4698276,

title = "The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic",

abstract = "The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (similar to 3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.",

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author = "Maanasa Raghavan and Michael DeGiorgio and Anders Albrechtsen and Ida Moltke and Pontus Skoglund and Korneliussen, \{Thorfinn S.\} and Bjarne Gr{\o}nnow and Martin Appelt and Gull{\o}v, \{Hans Christian\} and Friesen, \{T. Max\} and William Fitzhugh and Helena Malmstr{\"o}m and Simon Rasmussen and Jesper Olsen and Linea Melchior and Fuller, \{Benjamin T.\} and Fahrni, \{Simon M.\} and Thomas Stafford and Vaughan Grimes and Renouf, \{M. A. Priscilla\} and Jerome Cybulski and Niels Lynnerup and Lahr, \{Marta Mirazon\} and Kate Britton and Rick Knecht and Jette Arneborg and Mait Metspalu and Cornejo, \{Omar E.\} and Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas and Yong Wang and Morten Rasmussen and Vibha Raghavan and Hansen, \{Thomas V. O.\} and Elza Khusnutdinova and Tracey Pierre and Kirill Dneprovsky and Claus Andreasen and Hans Lange and Hayes, \{M. Geoffrey\} and Joan Coltrain and Spitsyn, \{Victor A.\} and Anders Gotherstrom and Ludovic Orlando and Toomas Kivisild and Richard Villems and Crawford, \{Michael H.\} and Nielsen, \{Finn C.\} and J{\o}rgen Dissing and Jan Heinemeier and Morten Meldgaard and Carlos Bustamante and O'Rourke, \{Dennis H.\} and Mattias Jakobsson and Gilbert, \{M. Thomas P.\} and Rasmus Nielsen and Eske Willerslev",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1126/science.1255832",

language = "English",

volume = "345",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "6200",

}

Raghavan, M, DeGiorgio, M, Albrechtsen, A, Moltke, I, Skoglund, P, Korneliussen, TS, Grønnow, B, Appelt, M, Gulløv, HC, Friesen, TM, Fitzhugh, W, Malmström, H, Rasmussen, S, Olsen, J, Melchior, L, Fuller, BT, Fahrni, SM, Stafford, T, Grimes, V, Renouf, MAP, Cybulski, J, Lynnerup, N, Lahr, MM, Britton, K, Knecht, R, Arneborg, J, Metspalu, M, Cornejo, OE, Malaspinas, A-S, Wang, Y, Rasmussen, M, Raghavan, V, Hansen, TVO, Khusnutdinova, E, Pierre, T, Dneprovsky, K, Andreasen, C, Lange, H, Hayes, MG, Coltrain, J, Spitsyn, VA, Gotherstrom, A, Orlando, L, Kivisild, T, Villems, R, Crawford, MH, Nielsen, FC, Dissing, J, Heinemeier, J, Meldgaard, M, Bustamante, C, O'Rourke, DH, Jakobsson, M, Gilbert, MTP, Nielsen, R & Willerslev, E 2014, 'The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic', Science, vol. 345, no. 6200, 1255832. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255832

TY - JOUR

T1 - The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

AU - Raghavan, Maanasa

AU - DeGiorgio, Michael

AU - Albrechtsen, Anders

AU - Moltke, Ida

AU - Skoglund, Pontus

AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn S.

AU - Grønnow, Bjarne

AU - Appelt, Martin

AU - Gulløv, Hans Christian

AU - Friesen, T. Max

AU - Fitzhugh, William

AU - Malmström, Helena

AU - Rasmussen, Simon

AU - Olsen, Jesper

AU - Melchior, Linea

AU - Fuller, Benjamin T.

AU - Fahrni, Simon M.

AU - Stafford, Thomas

AU - Grimes, Vaughan

AU - Renouf, M. A. Priscilla

AU - Cybulski, Jerome

AU - Lynnerup, Niels

AU - Lahr, Marta Mirazon

AU - Britton, Kate

AU - Knecht, Rick

AU - Arneborg, Jette

AU - Metspalu, Mait

AU - Cornejo, Omar E.

AU - Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo

AU - Wang, Yong

AU - Rasmussen, Morten

AU - Raghavan, Vibha

AU - Hansen, Thomas V. O.

AU - Khusnutdinova, Elza

AU - Pierre, Tracey

AU - Dneprovsky, Kirill

AU - Andreasen, Claus

AU - Lange, Hans

AU - Hayes, M. Geoffrey

AU - Coltrain, Joan

AU - Spitsyn, Victor A.

AU - Gotherstrom, Anders

AU - Orlando, Ludovic

AU - Kivisild, Toomas

AU - Villems, Richard

AU - Crawford, Michael H.

AU - Nielsen, Finn C.

AU - Dissing, Jørgen

AU - Heinemeier, Jan

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Bustamante, Carlos

AU - O'Rourke, Dennis H.

AU - Jakobsson, Mattias

AU - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.

AU - Nielsen, Rasmus

AU - Willerslev, Eske

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (similar to 3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.

AB - The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (similar to 3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.

KW - Alaska

KW - Arctic Regions

KW - Base Sequence

KW - Bone and Bones

KW - Canada

KW - DNA, Mitochondrial

KW - Genome, Human

KW - Greenland

KW - Hair

KW - History, Ancient

KW - Human Migration

KW - Humans

KW - Inuits

KW - Molecular Sequence Data

KW - Siberia

KW - Survivors

KW - Tooth

KW - Alaska USA, North America Nearctic region

KW - Aleutian Islands North Pacific Pacific Ocean

KW - Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean

KW - Canada North America Nearctic region

KW - Greenland Nearctic region

KW - Siberia Russia, Asia, Europe Palearctic region

KW - archeology

KW - gene flow

KW - genetic prehistory

KW - genome-wide sequence data

KW - geographical distribution

KW - species migration

KW - Primates Mammalia Vertebrata Chordata Animalia (Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates) - Hominidae [86215] human common Fossil Native American, Inuit

KW - 03506, Genetics - Animal

KW - 03508, Genetics - Human

KW - 03509, Genetics - Population genetics

KW - 05000, Physical anthropology and ethnobiology

KW - 10062, Biochemistry studies - Nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines

KW - 62520, Chordata: general and systematic - Mammalia

KW - 63000, Paleozoology

KW - 64500, Paleobiology

KW - Population Studies

KW - GSE59546 Gene Expression Omnibus nucleotide sequence

KW - PRJEB6516 European Nucleotide Archive nucleotide sequence

KW - Anthropology

KW - Human Geography

KW - Paleobiology

KW - Population Genetics

KW - MULTIDISCIPLINARY

KW - POPULATION HISTORY

KW - GENOME SEQUENCE

KW - MTDNA VARIATION

KW - GREENLAND

KW - ADMIXTURE

KW - AMERICA

KW - CANADA

KW - ESKIMO

KW - DORSET

KW - DIVERSITY

KW - Research Articles

KW - GENETICS

KW - ONLINE

U2 - 10.1126/science.1255832

DO - 10.1126/science.1255832

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25170159

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 345

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6200

M1 - 1255832

ER -

The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

Abstract

Keywords

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