The Cost and Geographic Impact of Inflexibility Facing Time-Based Tariff

This study presents the status of time-of-use grid tariff adoption in Denmark. It identifies trends in tariff transformation from distribution grid operators, examines how the ongoing transformation rebalances grid cost recovery from fixed subscription charge to variable volumetric fee, and explores the consequences for households. We carried out a thorough review and analysis of the progressive transformations of the tariff structure over the 2017-2024 period, crossed with key characteristics of the 36 Danish DSOs under study. We evaluated the impact of tariff transformations in heterogeneous households' grid bill using high-resolution smart meter data. Our findings offer near-real-time insights into the reallocative impacts of tariff transformations, highlighting significant implications for both less and highly electrified households, and revealing the challenges and disparities among different DSO sizes in adapting to these changes.