Terahertz detectors based on vacuum electronics

Tobias Olaf Buchmann, Matej Sebek, Naoya Kawai, Kota Katsuyama, Simon J. Lange, Peter Uhd Jepsen

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Abstract

We report on various metasurfaces for the purpose of THz driven electron field emission and subsequent detection using vacuum electronics. The underlying principle is based on strong localised field enhancement at metal and semimetal emission points, which bends the vacuum potential temporarily to allow for field emission of electrons from the parent material. The structures are investigated for varying electric field strength using electron time-of-flight measurements as well as electron multiplication and visualisation on a phosphor screen. Measured properties include the emitted electron energy, their count, and the emission threshold. From the recorded data, the local field enhancement for each structure is extracted and compared to simulated values. Subsequently, optimised metasurfaces are implemented into handheld devices that serve as easy-to-use THz detectors. These devices include photomultiplier tubes which operate at frequencies from THz to infrared, as well as live imaging devices with kilohertz framerates. The investigated metallic structures include standard dipole antennas, double split-ring resonators, bow-tie designs, hybrid split-ring and dipole designs, and logarithmic spirals. Semimetallic structures are based on structured and unstructured graphene, which show different emission characteristics. All samples are investigated using strong-field THz radiation generated using lithiumniobate tilted pulse front setup, as well as commercial THz-TDS instruments. In conclusion, we present a holistic overview of the current state-of-the-art THz-PMTs and image intensifiers.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationProceedings of SPIE
Number of pages3
PublisherSPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering
Publication date2023
Article number126830F
ISBN (Print)9781510665804
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023
EventSPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023 - San Diego, United States
Duration: 20 Aug 202325 Aug 2023

Conference

ConferenceSPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2023
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CitySan Diego
Period20/08/202325/08/2023
SeriesProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume12683
ISSN0277-786X

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