Synthesis and characterization of new electron-withdrawing moiety thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based molecules for small molecule solar cells

New conjugated small molecules 5,5′-bis{5-Octyl-2-(2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione}-3,3′-di-octylsilylene-2,2′-bithiophene DTS(BTTPD)2 and 5,5′-bis{5-Octyl-2-(2,5-thiophenyl)-4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione}-3,3′-di-octylsilylene-2,2′-bithiophene DTS(TTPD)2 of the acceptor–π–donor–π–acceptor type end-capped with thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) units for small molecule solar cells have been prepared through coupling of dithienosilole and TPD units bridged with thienylene and bithienylene. They are soluble in common organic solvents and show an interesting absorption. These small molecules have very similar optical band gaps (1.87 eV and 1.92 eV) and fairly close highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels (−5.52 to −5.55 eV). The best solar cells using DTS(TTPD)2 as an electron donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as an electron acceptor demonstrated efficient performance with an obviously high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.97 V and a power conversion efficiency of 1.20% after annealing and using MoO3 as electron-blocking layer. The solar cells based on DTS(BTTPD)2 and PC61BM blend also exhibited a high VOC of 0.97 V under optimized conditions.