Streamline tractography for 3D mapping of axon bundle organization in one MRI voxel using ultra-high resolution synchrotron radiation imaging

We present an efficient image analysis pipeline that enables us to reveal white matter organization in high-resolution 3D non-MRI structural datasets, in cases where a strict image segmentation is not required nor possible. We apply the method to a synchrotron X-ray holographic tomography scan from a healthy mouse sample, and show the organization of axon bundles in a region covering parts of the corpus callosum and the cingulum. The method has a potential to improve our general understanding of white matter organization and our ability to generate realistic phantoms for validation of microstructure modelling from low-resolution diffusion MRI scans.