Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome

T. Z. T.  Jensen; J.  Niemann; K. Højholt Iversen; A.K.  Fotakis; S.  Gopalakrishnan; M.­H.  S.  Sinding; M. R.  Ellegaard; M. E.  Allentoft; L. T.  Lanigan; A. J.  Taurozzi; S. Holtsmark   Nielsen; M.W.  Dee; M. N.  Mortensen; M. C.  Christensen; S. A.  Sørensen; M. J.  Collins; M.T.P.  Gilbert; M.  Sikora; S.  Rasmussen; H.  Schroeder

Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome

T. Z. T. Jensen, J. Niemann, K. Højholt Iversen, A.K. Fotakis, S. Gopalakrishnan, M.H. S. Sinding, M. R. Ellegaard, M. E. Allentoft, L. T. Lanigan, A. J. Taurozzi, S. Holtsmark Nielsen, M.W. Dee, M. N. Mortensen, M. C. Christensen, S. A. Sørensen, M. J. Collins, M.T.P. Gilbert, M. Sikora, S. Rasmussen, H. Schroeder^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Working paper › Research

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Abstract

We present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a piece of resinous “chewing gum” recovered from a Stone Age site on the island of Lolland, Denmark, and directly dated to 5,8585,661 cal. BP (GrM13305; 5,007±11). We sequenced the genome to an average depth-ofcoverage of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the resin was female and genetically more closely related to western huntergatherers from mainland Europe, than huntergatherers from central Scandinavia. We use imputed genotypes to predict physical characteristics and find that she had dark skin and hair, and blue eyes. Lastly, we also recovered microbial DNA that is characteristic of an oral microbiome and faunal reads that likely associate with diet. The results highlight the potential for this type of sample material as a new source of ancient human and microbial DNA.

Original language	English
Publisher	bioRxiv
Number of pages	32
Publication status	Published - 2019

Keywords

Ancient DNA
Hunter-gatherer
Microbial DNA
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Resin

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493882Submitted manuscript, 5.14 MB

Cite this

Jensen, T. Z. T., Niemann, J., Iversen, K. H., Fotakis, A. K., Gopalakrishnan, S., Sinding, M. H. S., Ellegaard, M. R., Allentoft, M. E., Lanigan, L. T., Taurozzi, A. J., Nielsen, S. H., Dee, M. W., Mortensen, M. N., Christensen, M. C., Sørensen, S. A., Collins, M. J., Gilbert, M. T. P., Sikora, M., Rasmussen, S., & Schroeder, H. (2019). Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome. bioRxiv.

Jensen, T. Z. T. ; Niemann, J. ; Iversen, K. Højholt ; Fotakis, A.K. ; Gopalakrishnan, S. ; Sinding, M.H. S. ; Ellegaard, M. R. ; Allentoft, M. E. ; Lanigan, L. T. ; Taurozzi, A. J. ; Nielsen, S. Holtsmark ; Dee, M.W. ; Mortensen, M. N. ; Christensen, M. C. ; Sørensen, S. A. ; Collins, M. J. ; Gilbert, M.T.P. ; Sikora, M. ; Rasmussen, S. ; Schroeder, H. . / Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome. bioRxiv, 2019.

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title = "Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome",

abstract = " We present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a piece of resinous “chewing gum” recovered from a Stone Age site on the island of Lolland, Denmark, and directly dated to 5,8585,661 cal. BP (GrM13305; 5,007±11). We sequenced the genome to an average depth-ofcoverage of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the resin was female and genetically more closely related to western huntergatherers from mainland Europe, than huntergatherers from central Scandinavia. We use imputed genotypes to predict physical characteristics and find that she had dark skin and hair, and blue eyes. Lastly, we also recovered microbial DNA that is characteristic of an oral microbiome and faunal reads that likely associate with diet. The results highlight the potential for this type of sample material as a new source of ancient human and microbial DNA. ",

keywords = "Ancient DNA, Hunter-gatherer, Microbial DNA, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Resin",

author = "Jensen, {T. Z. T.} and J. Niemann and Iversen, {K. H{\o}jholt} and A.K. Fotakis and S. Gopalakrishnan and Sinding, {M.H. S.} and Ellegaard, {M. R.} and Allentoft, {M. E.} and Lanigan, {L. T.} and Taurozzi, {A. J.} and Nielsen, {S. Holtsmark} and M.W. Dee and Mortensen, {M. N.} and Christensen, {M. C.} and S{\o}rensen, {S. A.} and Collins, {M. J.} and M.T.P. Gilbert and M. Sikora and S. Rasmussen and H. Schroeder",

year = "2019",

language = "English",

publisher = "bioRxiv",

type = "WorkingPaper",

institution = "bioRxiv",

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Jensen, TZT, Niemann, J, Iversen, KH, Fotakis, AK, Gopalakrishnan, S, Sinding, MHS, Ellegaard, MR, Allentoft, ME, Lanigan, LT, Taurozzi, AJ, Nielsen, SH, Dee, MW, Mortensen, MN, Christensen, MC, Sørensen, SA, Collins, MJ, Gilbert, MTP, Sikora, M, Rasmussen, S & Schroeder, H 2019 'Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome' bioRxiv.

Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome. / Jensen, T. Z. T. ; Niemann, J. ; Iversen, K. Højholt; Fotakis, A.K. ; Gopalakrishnan, S. ; Sinding, M.H. S. ; Ellegaard, M. R. ; Allentoft, M. E. ; Lanigan, L. T. ; Taurozzi, A. J. ; Nielsen, S. Holtsmark ; Dee, M.W. ; Mortensen, M. N. ; Christensen, M. C. ; Sørensen, S. A. ; Collins, M. J. ; Gilbert, M.T.P. ; Sikora, M. ; Rasmussen, S. ; Schroeder, H. .

bioRxiv, 2019.

Research output: Working paper › Research

TY - UNPB

T1 - Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome

AU - Jensen, T. Z. T.

AU - Niemann, J.

AU - Iversen, K. Højholt

AU - Fotakis, A.K.

AU - Gopalakrishnan, S.

AU - Sinding, M.H. S.

AU - Ellegaard, M. R.

AU - Allentoft, M. E.

AU - Lanigan, L. T.

AU - Taurozzi, A. J.

AU - Nielsen, S. Holtsmark

AU - Dee, M.W.

AU - Mortensen, M. N.

AU - Christensen, M. C.

AU - Sørensen, S. A.

AU - Collins, M. J.

AU - Gilbert, M.T.P.

AU - Sikora, M.

AU - Rasmussen, S.

AU - Schroeder, H.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - We present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a piece of resinous “chewing gum” recovered from a Stone Age site on the island of Lolland, Denmark, and directly dated to 5,8585,661 cal. BP (GrM13305; 5,007±11). We sequenced the genome to an average depth-ofcoverage of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the resin was female and genetically more closely related to western huntergatherers from mainland Europe, than huntergatherers from central Scandinavia. We use imputed genotypes to predict physical characteristics and find that she had dark skin and hair, and blue eyes. Lastly, we also recovered microbial DNA that is characteristic of an oral microbiome and faunal reads that likely associate with diet. The results highlight the potential for this type of sample material as a new source of ancient human and microbial DNA.

AB - We present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a piece of resinous “chewing gum” recovered from a Stone Age site on the island of Lolland, Denmark, and directly dated to 5,8585,661 cal. BP (GrM13305; 5,007±11). We sequenced the genome to an average depth-ofcoverage of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the resin was female and genetically more closely related to western huntergatherers from mainland Europe, than huntergatherers from central Scandinavia. We use imputed genotypes to predict physical characteristics and find that she had dark skin and hair, and blue eyes. Lastly, we also recovered microbial DNA that is characteristic of an oral microbiome and faunal reads that likely associate with diet. The results highlight the potential for this type of sample material as a new source of ancient human and microbial DNA.

KW - Ancient DNA

KW - Hunter-gatherer

KW - Microbial DNA

KW - Mesolithic

KW - Neolithic

KW - Resin

M3 - Working paper

BT - Stone Age “chewing gum” yields 5,700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome

PB - bioRxiv

ER -