Stark shift and electric-field-induced dissociation of excitons in monolayer MoS₂ and hBN/MoS₂ heterostructures

Efficient conversion of photons into electrical current in two-dimensional semiconductors requires, as a first step, the dissociation of the strongly bound excitons into free electrons and holes. Here we calculate the dissociation rates and energy shift of excitons in monolayer MoS₂ as a function of an applied in-plane electric field. The dissociation rates are obtained as the inverse lifetime of the resonant states of a two-dimensional hydrogenic Hamiltonian which describes the exciton within the Mott-Wannier model. The resonances are computed using complex scaling, and the effective masses and screened electron-hole interaction defining the hydrogenic Hamiltonian are computed from first principles. For field strengths above 0.1 V/nm the dissociation lifetime is shorter than 1 ps, which is below the lifetime associated with competing decay mechanisms. Interestingly, encapsulation of the MoS₂ layer in just two layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), enhances the dissociation rate by around one order of magnitude due to the increased screening. This shows that dielectric engineering is an effective way to control exciton lifetimes in two-dimensional materials.