Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions.: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

David B. Page; Glenn Broeckx; Chowdhury Arif Jahangir; Sara Verbandt; Rajarsi R. Gupta; Jeppe Thagaard; Reena Khiroya; Zuzana Kos; Khalid Abduljabbar; Gabriela Acosta Haab; Balazs Acs; Guray Akturk; Jonas S. Almeida; Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero; Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan; Sunil Badve; Nurkhairul Bariyah Baharun; Enrique R. Bellolio; Vydehi Bheemaraju; Kim R.M. Blenman; Luciana Botinelly Mendonça  Fujimoto; Najat Bouchmaa; Octavio Burgues; Maggie Chon U. Cheang; Francesco Ciompi; Lee A.D. Cooper; An Coosemans; Germán Corredor; Flavio Luis Dantas Portela; Frederik Deman; Sandra Demaria; Sarah N. Dudgeon; Mahmoud Elghazawy; Scott Ely; Claudio Fernandez-Martín; Susan Fineberg; Stephen B. Fox; William M. Gallagher; Jennifer M. Giltnane; Sacha Gnjatic; Paula I. Gonzalez-Ericsson; Anita Grigoriadis; Niels Halama; Matthew G. Hanna; Aparna Harbhajanka; Alexandros Hardas; Steven N. Hart; Johan Hartman; Stephen Hewitt; Akira I. Hida; Hugo M. Horlings; Zaheed Husain; Evangelos Hytopoulos; Sheeba Irshad; Emiel A.M. Janssen; Mohamed Kahila; Tatsuki R. Kataoka; Kosuke Kawaguchi; Durga Kharidehal; Andrey I. Khramtsov; Umay Kiraz; Pawan Kirtani; Liudmila L. Kodach; Konstanty Korski; Anikó Kovács; Anne Vibeke Laenkholm; Corinna Lang-Schwarz; Denis Larsimont; Jochen K. Lennerz; Marvin Lerousseau; Xiaoxian Li; Amy Ly; Anant Madabhushi; Sai K. Maley; Vidya Manur  Narasimhamurthy; Douglas K. Marks; Elizabeth S. McDonald; Ravi Mehrotra; Stefan Michiels; Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas; Shachi Mittal; David A. Moore; Shamim Mushtaq; Hussain Nighat; Thomas Papathomas; Frederique Penault-Llorca; Rashindrie D. Perera; Christopher J. Pinard; Juan Carlos Pinto-Cardenas; Giancarlo Pruneri; Lajos Pusztai; Arman Rahman; Nasir Mahmood Rajpoot; Bernardo Leon Rapoport; Tilman T. Rau; Jorge S. Reis-Filho; Joana M. Ribeiro; David Rimm; Anne Vincent-Salomon; Manuel Salto-Tellez; Joel Saltz; Shahin Sayed; Kalliopi P. Siziopikou; Christos Sotiriou; Albrecht Stenzinger; Maher A. Sughayer; Daniel Sur; Fraser Symmans; Sunao Tanaka; Timothy Taxter; Sabine Tejpar; Jonas Teuwen; E. Aubrey Thompson; Trine Tramm; William T. Tran; Jeroen van der Laak; Paul J. van Diest; Gregory E. Verghese; Giuseppe Viale; Michael Vieth; Noorul Wahab; Thomas Walter; Yannick Waumans; Hannah Y. Wen; Wentao Yang; Yinyin Yuan; Sylvia Adams; John Mark Seaverns Bartlett; Sibylle Loibl; Carsten Denkert; Peter Savas; Sherene Loi; Roberto Salgado; Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard

doi:10.1002/path.6165

Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions. A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

David B. Page^*
, Glenn Broeckx
, Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
, Sara Verbandt
, Rajarsi R. Gupta
, Jeppe Thagaard
, Reena Khiroya
, Zuzana Kos
, Khalid Abduljabbar
, Gabriela Acosta Haab
, Balazs Acs
, Guray Akturk
, Jonas S. Almeida
, Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero
, Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan
, Sunil Badve
, Nurkhairul Bariyah Baharun
, Enrique R. Bellolio
, Vydehi Bheemaraju
, Kim R.M. Blenman

Luciana Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Najat Bouchmaa, Octavio Burgues, Maggie Chon U. Cheang, Francesco Ciompi, Lee A.D. Cooper, An Coosemans, Germán Corredor, Flavio Luis Dantas Portela, Frederik Deman, Sandra Demaria, Sarah N. Dudgeon, Mahmoud Elghazawy, Scott Ely, Claudio Fernandez-Martín, Susan Fineberg, Stephen B. Fox, William M. Gallagher, Jennifer M. Giltnane, Sacha Gnjatic, Paula I. Gonzalez-Ericsson, Anita Grigoriadis, Niels Halama, Matthew G. Hanna, Aparna Harbhajanka, Alexandros Hardas, Steven N. Hart, Johan Hartman, Stephen Hewitt, Akira I. Hida, Hugo M. Horlings, Zaheed Husain, Evangelos Hytopoulos, Sheeba Irshad, Emiel A.M. Janssen, Mohamed Kahila, Tatsuki R. Kataoka, Kosuke Kawaguchi, Durga Kharidehal, Andrey I. Khramtsov, Umay Kiraz, Pawan Kirtani, Liudmila L. Kodach, Konstanty Korski, Anikó Kovács, Anne Vibeke Laenkholm, Corinna Lang-Schwarz, Denis Larsimont, Jochen K. Lennerz, Marvin Lerousseau, Xiaoxian Li, Amy Ly, Anant Madabhushi, Sai K. Maley, Vidya Manur Narasimhamurthy, Douglas K. Marks, Elizabeth S. McDonald, Ravi Mehrotra, Stefan Michiels, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas, Shachi Mittal, David A. Moore, Shamim Mushtaq, Hussain Nighat, Thomas Papathomas, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Rashindrie D. Perera, Christopher J. Pinard, Juan Carlos Pinto-Cardenas, Giancarlo Pruneri, Lajos Pusztai, Arman Rahman, Nasir Mahmood Rajpoot, Bernardo Leon Rapoport, Tilman T. Rau, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Joana M. Ribeiro, David Rimm, Anne Vincent-Salomon, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Joel Saltz, Shahin Sayed, Kalliopi P. Siziopikou, Christos Sotiriou, Albrecht Stenzinger, Maher A. Sughayer, Daniel Sur, Fraser Symmans, Sunao Tanaka, Timothy Taxter, Sabine Tejpar, Jonas Teuwen, E. Aubrey Thompson, Trine Tramm, William T. Tran, Jeroen van der Laak, Paul J. van Diest, Gregory E. Verghese, Giuseppe Viale, Michael Vieth, Noorul Wahab, Thomas Walter, Yannick Waumans, Hannah Y. Wen, Wentao Yang, Yinyin Yuan, Sylvia Adams, John Mark Seaverns Bartlett, Sibylle Loibl, Carsten Denkert, Peter Savas, Sherene Loi, Roberto Salgado, Elisabeth Specht Stovgaard

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

University of Antwerp
University College Dublin
KU Leuven
Stony Brook University
University College London
University of British Columbia
Karolinska Institutet
Merck
National Institutes of Health
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Emory University
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universidad de la Frontera
Yale University
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia
Radboud University Nijmegen
Northwestern University
Cornell University
University of Surrey
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Yeshiva University
Genentech Incorporated
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Vanderbilt University
King's College London
German Cancer Research Center
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Case Western Reserve University
Royal Veterinary College University of London
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
Netherlands Cancer Institute
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
University of Stavanger
Iwate Medical University
Kyoto University
Children's Memorial Hospital
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
University of Gothenburg
Sjællands Universitetshospital
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
Université libre de Bruxelles
Harvard University
Georgia Institute of Technology
NSABP Foundation, Inc.
New York University
University of Pennsylvania
Institut Gustave Roussy
University of Warwick
University of Washington
Ziauddin University
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur
University of Birmingham
University of Guelph
University of Milan
University of Pretoria
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Queen's University Belfast
Aga Khan University
Heidelberg University
King Hussein Cancer Center
Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL
Aarhus University
Utrecht University
IRCCS Istituto Europeo di Oncologia - Milano
Fudan University
University of Edinburgh
German Breast Group
University of Marburg
Providence Cancer Institute
Hospital Maria Curie
Narayana Medical College and Hospital
Federal University of Amazonas
Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas
GZA-ZNA Hospitals
Matsuyama Shimin Hospital
Praava Health
iRhythm Technologies Inc.
Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital
Manipal Hospitals Dwarka
Indian Cancer Genomic Atlas
CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence
Université Clermont Auvergne
Diagnostico de Salud Animal
Tempus Labs
University of Toronto
CellCarta NV
Institute of Cancer Research
University of Melbourne
Institut Curie
École des mines Paris
Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre
University of Copenhagen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › peer-review

Abstract

Modern histologic imaging platforms coupled with machine learning methods have provided new opportunities to map the spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, there exists no standardized method for describing or analyzing spatial immune cell data, and most reported spatial analyses are rudimentary. In this review, we provide an overview of two approaches for reporting and analyzing spatial data (raster versus vector-based). We then provide a compendium of spatial immune cell metrics that have been reported in the literature, summarizing prognostic associations in the context of a variety of cancers. We conclude by discussing two well-described clinical biomarkers, the breast cancer stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes score and the colon cancer Immunoscore, and describe investigative opportunities to improve clinical utility of these spatial biomarkers.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Pathology
Volume	260
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	514-532
ISSN	0022-3417
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/path.6165
Publication status	Published - 2023

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Immunoscore
Multispectral immunofluorescence
Spatial heterogeneity
Spatial statistics
sTIL score
TIL
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes

Access to Document

10.1002/path.6165

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11288334/pdf/nihms-2003815.pdf

OpenUrl availability

Check availability in DTU Findit

Cite this

Page, D. B., Broeckx, G., Jahangir, C. A., Verbandt, S., Gupta, R. R., Thagaard, J., Khiroya, R., Kos, Z., Abduljabbar, K., Acosta Haab, G., Acs, B., Akturk, G., Almeida, J. S., Alvarado-Cabrero, I., Azmoudeh-Ardalan, F., Badve, S., Baharun, N. B., Bellolio, E. R., Bheemaraju, V., ... Specht Stovgaard, E. (2023). Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions. A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer. Journal of Pathology, 260(5), 514-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.6165

@article{ec22c1722c554a0796aa6c482cd1c9e6,

title = "Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions.: A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer",

abstract = "Modern histologic imaging platforms coupled with machine learning methods have provided new opportunities to map the spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, there exists no standardized method for describing or analyzing spatial immune cell data, and most reported spatial analyses are rudimentary. In this review, we provide an overview of two approaches for reporting and analyzing spatial data (raster versus vector-based). We then provide a compendium of spatial immune cell metrics that have been reported in the literature, summarizing prognostic associations in the context of a variety of cancers. We conclude by discussing two well-described clinical biomarkers, the breast cancer stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes score and the colon cancer Immunoscore, and describe investigative opportunities to improve clinical utility of these spatial biomarkers.",

keywords = "Immunoscore, Multispectral immunofluorescence, Spatial heterogeneity, Spatial statistics, sTIL score, TIL, Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes",

author = "Page, \{David B.\} and Glenn Broeckx and Jahangir, \{Chowdhury Arif\} and Sara Verbandt and Gupta, \{Rajarsi R.\} and Jeppe Thagaard and Reena Khiroya and Zuzana Kos and Khalid Abduljabbar and \{Acosta Haab\}, Gabriela and Balazs Acs and Guray Akturk and Almeida, \{Jonas S.\} and Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero and Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan and Sunil Badve and Baharun, \{Nurkhairul Bariyah\} and Bellolio, \{Enrique R.\} and Vydehi Bheemaraju and Blenman, \{Kim R.M.\} and Fujimoto, \{Luciana Botinelly Mendon{\c c}a\} and Najat Bouchmaa and Octavio Burgues and Cheang, \{Maggie Chon U.\} and Francesco Ciompi and Cooper, \{Lee A.D.\} and An Coosemans and Germ{\'a}n Corredor and \{Dantas Portela\}, \{Flavio Luis\} and Frederik Deman and Sandra Demaria and Dudgeon, \{Sarah N.\} and Mahmoud Elghazawy and Scott Ely and Claudio Fernandez-Mart{\'i}n and Susan Fineberg and Fox, \{Stephen B.\} and Gallagher, \{William M.\} and Giltnane, \{Jennifer M.\} and Sacha Gnjatic and Gonzalez-Ericsson, \{Paula I.\} and Anita Grigoriadis and Niels Halama and Hanna, \{Matthew G.\} and Aparna Harbhajanka and Alexandros Hardas and Hart, \{Steven N.\} and Johan Hartman and Stephen Hewitt and Hida, \{Akira I.\} and Horlings, \{Hugo M.\} and Zaheed Husain and Evangelos Hytopoulos and Sheeba Irshad and Janssen, \{Emiel A.M.\} and Mohamed Kahila and Kataoka, \{Tatsuki R.\} and Kosuke Kawaguchi and Durga Kharidehal and Khramtsov, \{Andrey I.\} and Umay Kiraz and Pawan Kirtani and Kodach, \{Liudmila L.\} and Konstanty Korski and Anik{\'o} Kov{\'a}cs and Laenkholm, \{Anne Vibeke\} and Corinna Lang-Schwarz and Denis Larsimont and Lennerz, \{Jochen K.\} and Marvin Lerousseau and Xiaoxian Li and Amy Ly and Anant Madabhushi and Maley, \{Sai K.\} and Narasimhamurthy, \{Vidya Manur\} and Marks, \{Douglas K.\} and McDonald, \{Elizabeth S.\} and Ravi Mehrotra and Stefan Michiels and Minhas, \{Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar\} and Shachi Mittal and Moore, \{David A.\} and Shamim Mushtaq and Hussain Nighat and Thomas Papathomas and Frederique Penault-Llorca and Perera, \{Rashindrie D.\} and Pinard, \{Christopher J.\} and Pinto-Cardenas, \{Juan Carlos\} and Giancarlo Pruneri and Lajos Pusztai and Arman Rahman and Rajpoot, \{Nasir Mahmood\} and Rapoport, \{Bernardo Leon\} and Rau, \{Tilman T.\} and Reis-Filho, \{Jorge S.\} and Ribeiro, \{Joana M.\} and David Rimm and Anne Vincent-Salomon and Manuel Salto-Tellez and Joel Saltz and Shahin Sayed and Siziopikou, \{Kalliopi P.\} and Christos Sotiriou and Albrecht Stenzinger and Sughayer, \{Maher A.\} and Daniel Sur and Fraser Symmans and Sunao Tanaka and Timothy Taxter and Sabine Tejpar and Jonas Teuwen and Thompson, \{E. Aubrey\} and Trine Tramm and Tran, \{William T.\} and \{van der Laak\}, Jeroen and \{van Diest\}, \{Paul J.\} and Verghese, \{Gregory E.\} and Giuseppe Viale and Michael Vieth and Noorul Wahab and Thomas Walter and Yannick Waumans and Wen, \{Hannah Y.\} and Wentao Yang and Yinyin Yuan and Sylvia Adams and Bartlett, \{John Mark Seaverns\} and Sibylle Loibl and Carsten Denkert and Peter Savas and Sherene Loi and Roberto Salgado and \{Specht Stovgaard\}, Elisabeth",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1002/path.6165",

language = "English",

volume = "260",

pages = "514--532",

journal = "Journal of Pathology",

issn = "0022-3417",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",

number = "5",

}

Page, DB, Broeckx, G, Jahangir, CA, Verbandt, S, Gupta, RR, Thagaard, J, Khiroya, R, Kos, Z, Abduljabbar, K, Acosta Haab, G, Acs, B, Akturk, G, Almeida, JS, Alvarado-Cabrero, I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, F, Badve, S, Baharun, NB, Bellolio, ER, Bheemaraju, V, Blenman, KRM, Fujimoto, LBM, Bouchmaa, N, Burgues, O, Cheang, MCU, Ciompi, F, Cooper, LAD, Coosemans, A, Corredor, G, Dantas Portela, FL, Deman, F, Demaria, S, Dudgeon, SN, Elghazawy, M, Ely, S, Fernandez-Martín, C, Fineberg, S, Fox, SB, Gallagher, WM, Giltnane, JM, Gnjatic, S, Gonzalez-Ericsson, PI, Grigoriadis, A, Halama, N, Hanna, MG, Harbhajanka, A, Hardas, A, Hart, SN, Hartman, J, Hewitt, S, Hida, AI, Horlings, HM, Husain, Z, Hytopoulos, E, Irshad, S, Janssen, EAM, Kahila, M, Kataoka, TR, Kawaguchi, K, Kharidehal, D, Khramtsov, AI, Kiraz, U, Kirtani, P, Kodach, LL, Korski, K, Kovács, A, Laenkholm, AV, Lang-Schwarz, C, Larsimont, D, Lennerz, JK, Lerousseau, M, Li, X, Ly, A, Madabhushi, A, Maley, SK, Narasimhamurthy, VM, Marks, DK, McDonald, ES, Mehrotra, R, Michiels, S, Minhas, FUAA, Mittal, S, Moore, DA, Mushtaq, S, Nighat, H, Papathomas, T, Penault-Llorca, F, Perera, RD, Pinard, CJ, Pinto-Cardenas, JC, Pruneri, G, Pusztai, L, Rahman, A, Rajpoot, NM, Rapoport, BL, Rau, TT, Reis-Filho, JS, Ribeiro, JM, Rimm, D, Vincent-Salomon, A, Salto-Tellez, M, Saltz, J, Sayed, S, Siziopikou, KP, Sotiriou, C, Stenzinger, A, Sughayer, MA, Sur, D, Symmans, F, Tanaka, S, Taxter, T, Tejpar, S, Teuwen, J, Thompson, EA, Tramm, T, Tran, WT, van der Laak, J, van Diest, PJ, Verghese, GE, Viale, G, Vieth, M, Wahab, N, Walter, T, Waumans, Y, Wen, HY, Yang, W, Yuan, Y, Adams, S, Bartlett, JMS, Loibl, S, Denkert, C, Savas, P, Loi, S, Salgado, R & Specht Stovgaard, E 2023, 'Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions. A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer', Journal of Pathology, vol. 260, no. 5, pp. 514-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.6165

Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions. A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer. / Page, David B.; Broeckx, Glenn; Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif et al.
In: Journal of Pathology, Vol. 260, No. 5, 2023, p. 514-532.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spatial analyses of immune cell infiltration in cancer: current methods and future directions.

T2 - A report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

AU - Page, David B.

AU - Broeckx, Glenn

AU - Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif

AU - Verbandt, Sara

AU - Gupta, Rajarsi R.

AU - Thagaard, Jeppe

AU - Khiroya, Reena

AU - Kos, Zuzana

AU - Abduljabbar, Khalid

AU - Acosta Haab, Gabriela

AU - Acs, Balazs

AU - Akturk, Guray

AU - Almeida, Jonas S.

AU - Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel

AU - Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid

AU - Badve, Sunil

AU - Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah

AU - Bellolio, Enrique R.

AU - Bheemaraju, Vydehi

AU - Blenman, Kim R.M.

AU - Fujimoto, Luciana Botinelly Mendonça

AU - Bouchmaa, Najat

AU - Burgues, Octavio

AU - Cheang, Maggie Chon U.

AU - Ciompi, Francesco

AU - Cooper, Lee A.D.

AU - Coosemans, An

AU - Corredor, Germán

AU - Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis

AU - Deman, Frederik

AU - Demaria, Sandra

AU - Dudgeon, Sarah N.

AU - Elghazawy, Mahmoud

AU - Ely, Scott

AU - Fernandez-Martín, Claudio

AU - Fineberg, Susan

AU - Fox, Stephen B.

AU - Gallagher, William M.

AU - Giltnane, Jennifer M.

AU - Gnjatic, Sacha

AU - Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I.

AU - Grigoriadis, Anita

AU - Halama, Niels

AU - Hanna, Matthew G.

AU - Harbhajanka, Aparna

AU - Hardas, Alexandros

AU - Hart, Steven N.

AU - Hartman, Johan

AU - Hewitt, Stephen

AU - Hida, Akira I.

AU - Horlings, Hugo M.

AU - Husain, Zaheed

AU - Hytopoulos, Evangelos

AU - Irshad, Sheeba

AU - Janssen, Emiel A.M.

AU - Kahila, Mohamed

AU - Kataoka, Tatsuki R.

AU - Kawaguchi, Kosuke

AU - Kharidehal, Durga

AU - Khramtsov, Andrey I.

AU - Kiraz, Umay

AU - Kirtani, Pawan

AU - Kodach, Liudmila L.

AU - Korski, Konstanty

AU - Kovács, Anikó

AU - Laenkholm, Anne Vibeke

AU - Lang-Schwarz, Corinna

AU - Larsimont, Denis

AU - Lennerz, Jochen K.

AU - Lerousseau, Marvin

AU - Li, Xiaoxian

AU - Ly, Amy

AU - Madabhushi, Anant

AU - Maley, Sai K.

AU - Narasimhamurthy, Vidya Manur

AU - Marks, Douglas K.

AU - McDonald, Elizabeth S.

AU - Mehrotra, Ravi

AU - Michiels, Stefan

AU - Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar

AU - Mittal, Shachi

AU - Moore, David A.

AU - Mushtaq, Shamim

AU - Nighat, Hussain

AU - Papathomas, Thomas

AU - Penault-Llorca, Frederique

AU - Perera, Rashindrie D.

AU - Pinard, Christopher J.

AU - Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos

AU - Pruneri, Giancarlo

AU - Pusztai, Lajos

AU - Rahman, Arman

AU - Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood

AU - Rapoport, Bernardo Leon

AU - Rau, Tilman T.

AU - Reis-Filho, Jorge S.

AU - Ribeiro, Joana M.

AU - Rimm, David

AU - Vincent-Salomon, Anne

AU - Salto-Tellez, Manuel

AU - Saltz, Joel

AU - Sayed, Shahin

AU - Siziopikou, Kalliopi P.

AU - Sotiriou, Christos

AU - Stenzinger, Albrecht

AU - Sughayer, Maher A.

AU - Sur, Daniel

AU - Symmans, Fraser

AU - Tanaka, Sunao

AU - Taxter, Timothy

AU - Tejpar, Sabine

AU - Teuwen, Jonas

AU - Thompson, E. Aubrey

AU - Tramm, Trine

AU - Tran, William T.

AU - van der Laak, Jeroen

AU - van Diest, Paul J.

AU - Verghese, Gregory E.

AU - Viale, Giuseppe

AU - Vieth, Michael

AU - Wahab, Noorul

AU - Walter, Thomas

AU - Waumans, Yannick

AU - Wen, Hannah Y.

AU - Yang, Wentao

AU - Yuan, Yinyin

AU - Adams, Sylvia

AU - Bartlett, John Mark Seaverns

AU - Loibl, Sibylle

AU - Denkert, Carsten

AU - Savas, Peter

AU - Loi, Sherene

AU - Salgado, Roberto

AU - Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Modern histologic imaging platforms coupled with machine learning methods have provided new opportunities to map the spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, there exists no standardized method for describing or analyzing spatial immune cell data, and most reported spatial analyses are rudimentary. In this review, we provide an overview of two approaches for reporting and analyzing spatial data (raster versus vector-based). We then provide a compendium of spatial immune cell metrics that have been reported in the literature, summarizing prognostic associations in the context of a variety of cancers. We conclude by discussing two well-described clinical biomarkers, the breast cancer stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes score and the colon cancer Immunoscore, and describe investigative opportunities to improve clinical utility of these spatial biomarkers.

AB - Modern histologic imaging platforms coupled with machine learning methods have provided new opportunities to map the spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, there exists no standardized method for describing or analyzing spatial immune cell data, and most reported spatial analyses are rudimentary. In this review, we provide an overview of two approaches for reporting and analyzing spatial data (raster versus vector-based). We then provide a compendium of spatial immune cell metrics that have been reported in the literature, summarizing prognostic associations in the context of a variety of cancers. We conclude by discussing two well-described clinical biomarkers, the breast cancer stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes score and the colon cancer Immunoscore, and describe investigative opportunities to improve clinical utility of these spatial biomarkers.

KW - Immunoscore

KW - Multispectral immunofluorescence

KW - Spatial heterogeneity

KW - Spatial statistics

KW - sTIL score

KW - TIL

KW - Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes

U2 - 10.1002/path.6165

DO - 10.1002/path.6165

M3 - Review

C2 - 37608771

AN - SCOPUS:85167992595

SN - 0022-3417

VL - 260

SP - 514

EP - 532

JO - Journal of Pathology

JF - Journal of Pathology

IS - 5

ER -