Societal Planning: Identifying a New Role for the Transport Planner-Part II: Planning Guidelines

The paper seeks to formulate planning guidelines based on Habermas's theory of communicative action. Specifically, this has led to the formulation of a set of four planning validity claims concerned to four types of planning guidelines concerning adequacy, dependency, suitability and adaptability. The guidelines serve to frame the right considerations and questions when dealing with planning problems of a certain complexity. They can then facilitate the structuring and interpretation of empirical study. Emphasis is paid to describe the planning process as one of self-organizing dynamics vis-a-vis the planning validity claims. Among other things the contingency of this process is outlined. It is concluded (part I & II) that transport planners can conveniently utilize the guidelines in their professional practice, tailored to their particular settings.