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SN2015bh: NGC2770's 4th supernova or a luminous blue variable on its way to a Wolf-Rayet star?

  • C. C. Thone
  • , A. de Ugarte Postigo
  • , G. Leloudas
  • , C. Gall
  • , Z. Cano
  • , Kenji Maeda
  • , S. Schulze
  • , S. Campana
  • , K. Wiersema
  • , J. Groh
  • , J. de la Rosa
  • , F. E. Bauer
  • , Daniele Malesani
  • , J. Maund
  • , N. Morrell
  • , Y. Beletsky
    • CSIC
    • Trinity College Dublin
    • University of Copenhagen
    • University of Iceland
    • Kyoto University
    • Weizmann Institute of Science
    • Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
    • University of Leicester
    • Southwest Research Institute
    • Millennium Institute of Astrophysics
    • University of Sheffield
    • Carnegie Observatories

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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    Abstract

    Very massive stars in the final phases of their lives often show unpredictable outbursts that can mimic supernovae, so-called, "SN impostors", but the distinction is not always straightforward. Here we present observations of a luminous blue variable (LBV) in NGC2770 in outburst over more than 20 yr that experienced a possible terminal explosion as type IIn SN in 2015, named SN 2015bh. This possible SN (or " main event") had a precursor peaking similar to 40 days before maximum. The total energy release of the main event ;is similar to 1.8 X 10(49) erg, consistent with a <0.5 M-circle dot shell plunging into a dense CSM. The emission lines show a single narrow P Cygni profile during the LBV phase and a double P Cygni profile post maximum suggesting an association of the second component with the possible SN. Since 1994 the star has been redder than an LBV in an S-Dor-like outburst. SN 2015bh lies within a spiral arm of NGC2770 next to several small star-forming regions with a metallicity of similar to 0.5 solar and a stellar population age of 7-10 Myr. SN 2015bh shares many similarities with SN 2009ip and may form a new class of objects that exhibit outbursts a few decades prior to a "hyper eruption" or final core-collapse. If the star survives this event it is undoubtedly altered, and we suggest that these "zombie stars" may evolve from an LBV to a Wolf-Rayet star over the timescale of only a few years. The final fate of these stars can only be determined with observations a decade or more after the SN-like event.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article numberA129
    JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
    Volume599
    Number of pages29
    ISSN0004-6361
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2017

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