Seminal plasma biochemistry and spermatozoa characteristics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) of wild and cultivated origin

Our objectives were to compare spermatozoa activity, morphology, and seminal plasma (SP) biochemistry between wild and cultivated Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Swimming velocities of wild cod spermatozoa were significantly faster than those of cultivated males. Wild males had a significantly larger spermatozoa head area, perimeter, and length, while cultivated males had more circular heads. Total monounsaturated fatty acids and the ratio of n−3/n−6 were significantly higher in sperm from wild males, while total n−6 from cultivated males was significantly higher than the wild males. Significantly higher concentrations of the fatty acids C14:0, C16:1n−7, C18:4n−3, C20:1n−11, C20:1n−9, C20:4n−3, C22:1n−11, and C22:6n−3 were observed in wild males, while significantly higher concentrations of C18:2n−6, C20:2n−6, and C22:5n−3 occurred in cultivated males. Osmolality, protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activity of SP of wild males were significantly higher than the cultivated males. Antioxidant capacity of SP was significantly higher in cultivated males, while pH and anti-trypsin did not differ between fish origins. Four bands of anti-trypsin activity and nine protein bands were detected in SP. Performing a discriminant function analysis, on morphology and fatty acid data showed significant discrimination between wild and cultivated fish. Results are relevant to breeding programs and aquaculture development.