Self-mixing interferometry in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for nanomechanical cantilever sensing

David Larsson; Anders Greve; Jørn Märcher Hvam; Anja Boisen; Kresten Yvind

doi:10.1063/1.3086893

Self-mixing interferometry in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for nanomechanical cantilever sensing

David Larsson
, Anders Greve
, Jørn Märcher Hvam
, Anja Boisen
, Kresten Yvind

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

We have experimentally investigated self-mixing interference produced by the feedback of light from a polymer micrometer-sized cantilever into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for sensing applications. In particular we have investigated how the visibility of the optical output power and the junction voltage depends on the laser injection current and the distance to the cantilever. The highest power visibility obtained from cantilevers without reflective coatings was 60%, resulting in a very high sensitivity of 45 mV/nm with a noise floor below 1.2 mV. Different detection schemes are discussed.

Original language	English
Article number	091103
Journal	Applied Physics Letters
Volume	94
Issue number	9
ISSN	0003-6951
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3086893
Publication status	Published - 2009

Bibliographical note

Copyright (2009) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.

Keywords

laser noise
laser feedback
cantilevers
optical polymers
light interferometry
nanomechanics
antireflection coatings
surface emitting lasers
nanosensors
optical sensors

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title = "Self-mixing interferometry in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for nanomechanical cantilever sensing",

abstract = "We have experimentally investigated self-mixing interference produced by the feedback of light from a polymer micrometer-sized cantilever into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for sensing applications. In particular we have investigated how the visibility of the optical output power and the junction voltage depends on the laser injection current and the distance to the cantilever. The highest power visibility obtained from cantilevers without reflective coatings was 60\%, resulting in a very high sensitivity of 45 mV/nm with a noise floor below 1.2 mV. Different detection schemes are discussed.",

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note = "Copyright (2009) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.",

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AU - Hvam, Jørn Märcher

AU - Boisen, Anja

AU - Yvind, Kresten

N1 - Copyright (2009) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.

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N2 - We have experimentally investigated self-mixing interference produced by the feedback of light from a polymer micrometer-sized cantilever into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for sensing applications. In particular we have investigated how the visibility of the optical output power and the junction voltage depends on the laser injection current and the distance to the cantilever. The highest power visibility obtained from cantilevers without reflective coatings was 60%, resulting in a very high sensitivity of 45 mV/nm with a noise floor below 1.2 mV. Different detection schemes are discussed.

AB - We have experimentally investigated self-mixing interference produced by the feedback of light from a polymer micrometer-sized cantilever into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for sensing applications. In particular we have investigated how the visibility of the optical output power and the junction voltage depends on the laser injection current and the distance to the cantilever. The highest power visibility obtained from cantilevers without reflective coatings was 60%, resulting in a very high sensitivity of 45 mV/nm with a noise floor below 1.2 mV. Different detection schemes are discussed.

KW - laser noise

KW - laser feedback

KW - cantilevers

KW - optical polymers

KW - light interferometry

KW - nanomechanics

KW - antireflection coatings

KW - surface emitting lasers

KW - nanosensors

KW - optical sensors

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JO - Applied Physics Letters

JF - Applied Physics Letters

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Self-mixing interferometry in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for nanomechanical cantilever sensing

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