Reviewing Detachment Processes in Crystallisation Fouling: Implications for Accurate Predictions

Crystallization fouling is detrimental to many industrial processes. The persistence of fouling is determined by the balance of attachment and detachment processes. In most prediction models, however, detachment processes are either ignored or oversimplified.

In this work, we summarise how surfaces and flow affect detachment in current crystallisation fouling models. Following that, we show that experimental evidence strongly suggests that detachment processes must be considered. We review the properties of the interface and discuss the influence of morphology and composition. In addition, we show how composite fouling plays a significant role and has been largely neglected in most models.
We also present the influence of fluid flow properties, and how increased flow rates have given evidence for both higher and lower deposition rate. Finally, we show how detachment processes can be intentionally enhanced as part of fouling mitigation protocols.

In general, we present a comprehensive review of detachment processes in crystallisation fouling. We propose that accurate prediction models must account for detachment processes or ensure that they are negligible under the process conditions that are being simulated.