Review on the design and mechanics of bonded marine hoses for Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoys

In recent times, there is a rise in the application of bonded marine hoses on floating offshore structures (FOS). These increased developments on bonded marine hoses have led to their deployment on CALM, SALM, and other conventional offshore buoy systems. Classification of bonded marine hoses includes floating hoses, submarine hoses, and reeling hoses. The mechanics of hose motion is relative to different operations, such as twists, turns, torques, reeling, pipe-laying, etc. However, despite having multi-layers, the hose response is susceptible to high hose curvatures, kinking, and crushing loads. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the design and mechanics of bonded marine hoses for CALM buoys. The study also explores fluid transfer via these bonded flexible risers (or marine hoses). Governing mathematical formulations on bonded marine hoses attached to CALM buoy systems were presented. This paper presents a review of theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigations on hoses. Discussions were made on recent developments, structural connections, industrial operations, field applications, and dynamic responses, concluding on the merits of marine hoses.