Response of the Ti and Al electron spin resonance signals in quartz to X-ray irradiation

Equivalent dose determination with electron spin resonance (ESR) involves laboratory irradiation of samples using a calibrated source. In this study, we investigated the response of the quartz ESR signals to irradiations from 50 kV or 200 kV X-ray sources by inter-comparison with ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation using seven quartz samples of different origins. For each sample, the equivalent X-ray irradiation time required to create the same concentration of defects as a known dose of ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray was calculated. The effective dose rate was obtained from the given gamma dose (188 Gy) divided by the equivalent X-ray irradiation time; this is referred to as the ‘X-ray dose rate’ in this study. The X-ray dose rate estimates from different samples were relatively uniform. However, the dose rate calculated from the Al centre was on average ∼10% higher than that of the Ti centre, and more scattered among different samples especially for the low-energy X-ray source. The ratio of the dose rates, obtained from the two centres (Al/Ti) varied significantly between the samples; four sediment samples from Tajikistan, China, Chile and Greece yielded consistent dose rates from both centres for both sources, whereas the remaining three samples from Japan and Taiwan showed a dose rate up to 26% higher from the Al centre compared to the Ti centre. The cause of the higher effective dose rate for the Al centre for these three samples requires further investigations.