Relative validity of the pre-coded food diary used in the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity

Objective: To determine the relative validity of the pre-coded food diary applied in the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity. Design: A cross-over study among seventy-two adults (aged 20 to 69 years) recording diet by means of a pre-coded food diary over 4 d and a 4 d weighed food record. Intakes of foods and drinks were estimated, and nutrient intakes were calculated. Means and medians of intake were compared, and crossclassification of individuals according to intake was performed. To assess agreement between the two methods, Pearson and Spearman’s correlation coefficients and weighted kappa coefficients were calculated. Setting: Validation study of the pre-coded food diary against a 4 d weighed food record. Subjects: Seventy-two volunteer, healthy free-living adults (thirty-five males, thirty-seven females). Results: Intakes of cereals and vegetables were higher, and intakes of fruit, coffee and tea were lower, in the weighed food record compared with the food diary. Intakes of nutrients were grossly the same in the two methods, except for protein, where a higher intake was recorded in the weighed record. In general, moderate agreement between the two methods was found. Conclusions: Participants were classified moderately correct according to food and nutrient intakes assessed in the pre-coded food diary; however values of absolute food intakes should be used and interpreted with caution. Improvement of the methods to estimate portion size may increase the accuracy of the dietary intake estimates.