Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO3-Based Solution by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates

Fedor Zhuravlev; Arif Gulzar; Lise Falborg

doi:10.3390/molecules27238377

Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO3-Based Solution by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates

Fedor Zhuravlev^*, Arif Gulzar, Lise Falborg

^*Corresponding author for this work

Gødstrup Regional Hospital

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

The cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the ⁶⁸Zn(p,n)⁶⁸Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik-Fields reaction, (2) their use for liquid-liquid extraction of ⁶⁸Ga from 1 M Zn(NO₃)₂/0.01 M HNO₃ in batch and continuous flow, and (3) the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of ⁶⁸Zn. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained with the extractants functionalized with trifluoromethyl substituents and ethylene glycol ponytails, which were able to extract up to 90% of gallium-68 in batch and 80% in flow. Only ppm amounts of zinc were co-extracted. The extraction efficiency was a function of pKa and the aqueous solubility of the extractant and showed marked concentration, solvent, and temperature dependence. Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising PAT tool for the continuous production of gallium-68.

Original language	English
Article number	8377
Journal	Molecules
Volume	27
Issue number	23
Number of pages	14
ISSN	1420-3049
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238377
Publication status	Published - 2022

Keywords

Gallium-68
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Liquid target
Arylamino phosphonate
Cyclotron production of gallium-68

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title = "Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO3-Based Solution by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates",

abstract = "The cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik-Fields reaction, (2) their use for liquid-liquid extraction of 68Ga from 1 M Zn(NO3)2/0.01 M HNO3 in batch and continuous flow, and (3) the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of 68Zn. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained with the extractants functionalized with trifluoromethyl substituents and ethylene glycol ponytails, which were able to extract up to 90% of gallium-68 in batch and 80% in flow. Only ppm amounts of zinc were co-extracted. The extraction efficiency was a function of pKa and the aqueous solubility of the extractant and showed marked concentration, solvent, and temperature dependence. Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising PAT tool for the continuous production of gallium-68.",

keywords = "Gallium-68, Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Liquid target, Arylamino phosphonate, Cyclotron production of gallium-68",

author = "Fedor Zhuravlev and Arif Gulzar and Lise Falborg",

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AU - Zhuravlev, Fedor

AU - Gulzar, Arif

AU - Falborg, Lise

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik-Fields reaction, (2) their use for liquid-liquid extraction of 68Ga from 1 M Zn(NO3)2/0.01 M HNO3 in batch and continuous flow, and (3) the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of 68Zn. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained with the extractants functionalized with trifluoromethyl substituents and ethylene glycol ponytails, which were able to extract up to 90% of gallium-68 in batch and 80% in flow. Only ppm amounts of zinc were co-extracted. The extraction efficiency was a function of pKa and the aqueous solubility of the extractant and showed marked concentration, solvent, and temperature dependence. Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising PAT tool for the continuous production of gallium-68.

AB - The cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik-Fields reaction, (2) their use for liquid-liquid extraction of 68Ga from 1 M Zn(NO3)2/0.01 M HNO3 in batch and continuous flow, and (3) the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of 68Zn. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained with the extractants functionalized with trifluoromethyl substituents and ethylene glycol ponytails, which were able to extract up to 90% of gallium-68 in batch and 80% in flow. Only ppm amounts of zinc were co-extracted. The extraction efficiency was a function of pKa and the aqueous solubility of the extractant and showed marked concentration, solvent, and temperature dependence. Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising PAT tool for the continuous production of gallium-68.

KW - Gallium-68

KW - Liquid-Liquid Extraction

KW - Liquid target

KW - Arylamino phosphonate

KW - Cyclotron production of gallium-68

U2 - 10.3390/molecules27238377

DO - 10.3390/molecules27238377

M3 - Journal article

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SN - 1420-3049

VL - 27

JO - Molecules

JF - Molecules

IS - 23

M1 - 8377

ER -

Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO3-Based Solution by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates

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Keywords

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