Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to obtain the optimal trading strategies between the proactive distribution company (PDISCO), heterogeneous distributed generation owners (DGOs) and wholesale market in a real-time trading framework. In this framework, the PDISCO’s decisions cover the power procurements from DGOs and the transactions within the real-time market. A one-leader multi-follower-type bilevel model is proposed to embody the PDISCO-DGO gaming structure. The upper-level (UL) problem is to maximize the PDISCO’s profit, while the lower-level (LL) problem indicates the profit maximization per DGO. Since the UL problem is non-linear and non-convex and the LL problems are linear and convex, we reformulate the proposed model to a solvable mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) by an equivalent primal-dual approach. The numerical results of the case studies show the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed model.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1688 - 1697 |
| ISSN | 1949-3053 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2017 |
Bibliographical note
(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.Keywords
- Distributed generation (DG)
- Proactive distribution company (PDISCO)
- Distributed generation owner (DGO)
- Bayesian game
- Bilevel model
- Multi-period AC power flow
- Mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC)
- AC power flow