Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

P. A. R. Ade; N. Aghanim; M. Ashdown; J. Aumont; C. Baccigalupi; A. J. Banday; R. B. Barreiro; N. Bartolo; Suman Basak; E. Battaner; K. Benabed; A. Benoit-Levy; J. -P. Bernard; M. Bersanelli; P. Bielewicz; J. J. Bock; A. Bonaldi; L. Bonavera; J. R. Bond; J. Borrill; F. R. Bouchet; F. Boulanger; C. Burigana; R. C. Butler; E. Calabrese; J. -F. Cardoso; A. Catalano; H. C. Chiang; P. R. Christensen; D. L. Clements; S. Colombi; L. P. L. Colombo; C. Combet; B. P. Crill; A. Curto; F. Cuttaia; L. Danese; R. J. Davis; P. de Bernardis; Giulia De Zotti; J. Delabrouille; C. Dickinson; J. M. Diego; O. Dore; A. Ducout; X. Dupac; F. Elsner; T. A. Ensslin; H. K. Eriksen; F. Finelli; O. Forni; M. Frailis; A. A. Fraisse; E. Franceschi; S. Galeotta; S. Galli; K. Ganga; T. Ghosh; M. Giard; Y. Giraud-Heraud; E. Gjerlow; J. Gonzalez-Nuevo; K. M. Gorski; A. Gruppuso; J. E. Gudmundsson; D. L. Harrison; C. Hernandez-Monteagudo; D. Herranz; S. R. Hildebrandt; Allan Hornstrup; W. Hovest; G. Hurier; A. H. Jaffe; W. C. Jones; E. Keihanen; R. Keskitalo; T. S. Kisner; J. Knoche; L. Knox; M. Kunz; H. Kurki-Suonio; G. Lagache; A. Lahteenmaki; J. -M. Lamarre; A. Lasenby; M. Lattanzi; R. Leonardi; F. Levrier; P. B. Lilje; Michael Linden-Vørnle; M. Lopez-Caniego; P. M. Lubin; J. F. Macias-Perez; B. Maffei; G. Maggie; D. Maino; N. Mandolesi; A. Mangilli; M. Maris; P. G. Martin; E. Martinez-Gonzalez; S. Masi; S. Matarrese; P. R. Meinhold; A. Melchiorri; A. Mennella; M. Migliaccio; Susanta Mitra; M. -A. Miville-Deschenes; A. Moneti; L. Montier; G. Morgante; D. Mortlock; A. Moss; D. Munshi; J. A. Murphy; P. Naselsky; F. Nati; P. Natoli; C. B. Netterfield; Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen; D. Novikov; I. Novikov; L. Pagano; Fernand Pajot; D. Paoletti; F. Pasian; G. Patanchon; O. Perdereau; L. Perotto; V. Pettorino; F. Piacentini; M. Piat; E. Pierpaoli; E. Pointecouteau; G. Polenta; G. W. Pratt; J. P. Rachen; M. Reinecke; M. Remazeilles; C. Renault; A. Renzi; I. Ristorcelli; G. Rocha; C. Rosset; M. Rossetti; G. Roudier; J. A. Rubino-Martin; B. Rusholme; M. Sandri; D. Santos; M. Savelainen; G. Savini; D. Scott; L. D. Spencer; V. Stolyarov; R. Stompor; R. Sudiwala; R. Sunyaev; D. Sutton; A. -S. Suur-Uski; J. -F. Sygnet; J. A. Tauber; L. Terenzi; L. Toffolatti; M. Tomasi; M. Tristram; M. Tucci; J. Tuovinen; L. Valenziano; J. Valiviita; B. Van Tent; P. Vielva; F. Villa; L. A. Wade; B. D. Wandelt; I. K. Wehus; D. Yvon; A. Zacchei; A. Zonca

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

P. A. R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, Suman Basak, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit-Levy, J. -P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, J. J. Bock, A. Bonaldi, L. Bonavera, J. R. Bond, J. BorrillF. R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R. C. Butler, E. Calabrese, J. -F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, H. C. Chiang, P. R. Christensen, D. L. Clements, S. Colombi, L. P. L. Colombo, C. Combet, B. P. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R. J. Davis, P. de Bernardis, Giulia De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J. M. Diego, O. Dore, A. Ducout, X. Dupac, F. Elsner, T. A. Ensslin, H. K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, A. A. Fraisse, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, S. Galli, K. Ganga, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, Y. Giraud-Heraud, E. Gjerlow, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K. M. Gorski, A. Gruppuso, J. E. Gudmundsson, D. L. Harrison, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S. R. Hildebrandt, Allan Hornstrup, W. Hovest, G. Hurier, A. H. Jaffe, W. C. Jones, E. Keihanen, R. Keskitalo, T. S. Kisner, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J. -M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, M. Lattanzi, R. Leonardi, F. Levrier, P. B. Lilje, Michael Linden-Vørnle, M. Lopez-Caniego, P. M. Lubin, J. F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, G. Maggie, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, A. Mangilli, M. Maris, P. G. Martin, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, S. Masi, S. Matarrese, P. R. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Susanta Mitra, M. -A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, A. Moss, D. Munshi, J. A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, F. Nati, P. Natoli, C. B. Netterfield, Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, L. Pagano, Fernand Pajot, D. Paoletti, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, G. W. Pratt, J. P. Rachen, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, A. Renzi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rossetti, G. Roudier, J. A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, M. Savelainen, G. Savini, D. Scott, L. D. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, D. Sutton, A. -S. Suur-Uski, J. -F. Sygnet, J. A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, J. Tuovinen, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, L. A. Wade, B. D. Wandelt, I. K. Wehus, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca

University of Copenhagen

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Abstract

The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12 sigma, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Lambda cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.

Original language	English
Article number	A102
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	596
Number of pages	19
ISSN	0004-6361
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932
Publication status	Published - 2016

Keywords

Cosmology: observations
Cosmic background radiation
Polarization
Gravitational lensing: weak

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10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

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Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit-Levy, A., Bernard, J. .-P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., ... Zonca, A. (2016). Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 596, Article A102. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

@article{59029a9962c84db2b479e731546069f4,

title = "Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes",

abstract = "The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12 sigma, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Lambda cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.",

keywords = "Cosmology: observations, Cosmic background radiation, Polarization, Gravitational lensing: weak",

author = "Ade, {P. A. R.} and N. Aghanim and M. Ashdown and J. Aumont and C. Baccigalupi and Banday, {A. J.} and Barreiro, {R. B.} and N. Bartolo and Suman Basak and E. Battaner and K. Benabed and A. Benoit-Levy and Bernard, {J. -P.} and M. Bersanelli and P. Bielewicz and Bock, {J. J.} and A. Bonaldi and L. Bonavera and Bond, {J. R.} and J. Borrill and Bouchet, {F. R.} and F. Boulanger and C. Burigana and Butler, {R. C.} and E. Calabrese and Cardoso, {J. -F.} and A. Catalano and Chiang, {H. C.} and Christensen, {P. R.} and Clements, {D. L.} and S. Colombi and Colombo, {L. P. L.} and C. Combet and Crill, {B. P.} and A. Curto and F. Cuttaia and L. Danese and Davis, {R. J.} and {de Bernardis}, P. and {De Zotti}, Giulia and J. Delabrouille and C. Dickinson and Diego, {J. M.} and O. Dore and A. Ducout and X. Dupac and F. Elsner and Ensslin, {T. A.} and Eriksen, {H. K.} and F. Finelli and O. Forni and M. Frailis and Fraisse, {A. A.} and E. Franceschi and S. Galeotta and S. Galli and K. Ganga and T. Ghosh and M. Giard and Y. Giraud-Heraud and E. Gjerlow and J. Gonzalez-Nuevo and Gorski, {K. M.} and A. Gruppuso and Gudmundsson, {J. E.} and Harrison, {D. L.} and C. Hernandez-Monteagudo and D. Herranz and Hildebrandt, {S. R.} and Allan Hornstrup and W. Hovest and G. Hurier and Jaffe, {A. H.} and Jones, {W. C.} and E. Keihanen and R. Keskitalo and Kisner, {T. S.} and J. Knoche and L. Knox and M. Kunz and H. Kurki-Suonio and G. Lagache and A. Lahteenmaki and Lamarre, {J. -M.} and A. Lasenby and M. Lattanzi and R. Leonardi and F. Levrier and Lilje, {P. B.} and Michael Linden-V{\o}rnle and M. Lopez-Caniego and Lubin, {P. M.} and Macias-Perez, {J. F.} and B. Maffei and G. Maggie and D. Maino and N. Mandolesi and A. Mangilli and M. Maris and Martin, {P. G.} and E. Martinez-Gonzalez and S. Masi and S. Matarrese and Meinhold, {P. R.} and A. Melchiorri and A. Mennella and M. Migliaccio and Susanta Mitra and Miville-Deschenes, {M. -A.} and A. Moneti and L. Montier and G. Morgante and D. Mortlock and A. Moss and D. Munshi and Murphy, {J. A.} and P. Naselsky and F. Nati and P. Natoli and Netterfield, {C. B.} and N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen, {Hans Ulrik} and D. Novikov and I. Novikov and L. Pagano and Fernand Pajot and D. Paoletti and F. Pasian and G. Patanchon and O. Perdereau and L. Perotto and V. Pettorino and F. Piacentini and M. Piat and E. Pierpaoli and E. Pointecouteau and G. Polenta and Pratt, {G. W.} and Rachen, {J. P.} and M. Reinecke and M. Remazeilles and C. Renault and A. Renzi and I. Ristorcelli and G. Rocha and C. Rosset and M. Rossetti and G. Roudier and Rubino-Martin, {J. A.} and B. Rusholme and M. Sandri and D. Santos and M. Savelainen and G. Savini and D. Scott and Spencer, {L. D.} and V. Stolyarov and R. Stompor and R. Sudiwala and R. Sunyaev and D. Sutton and Suur-Uski, {A. -S.} and Sygnet, {J. -F.} and Tauber, {J. A.} and L. Terenzi and L. Toffolatti and M. Tomasi and M. Tristram and M. Tucci and J. Tuovinen and L. Valenziano and J. Valiviita and {Van Tent}, B. and P. Vielva and F. Villa and Wade, {L. A.} and Wandelt, {B. D.} and Wehus, {I. K.} and D. Yvon and A. Zacchei and A. Zonca",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201527932",

language = "English",

volume = "596",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Ade, PAR, Aghanim, N, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit-Levy, A, Bernard, J-P, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, JJ, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J-F, Catalano, A, Chiang, HC, Christensen, PR, Clements, DL, Colombi, S, Colombo, LPL, Combet, C, Crill, BP, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, RJ, de Bernardis, P, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, JM, Dore, O, Ducout, A, Dupac, X, Elsner, F, Ensslin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Fraisse, AA, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gjerlow, E, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, KM, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, JE, Harrison, DL, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, SR, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Hurier, G, Jaffe, AH, Jones, WC, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, TS, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J-M, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Leonardi, R, Levrier, F, Lilje, PB, Linden-Vørnle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, PM, Macias-Perez, JF, Maffei, B, Maggie, G, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mangilli, A, Maris, M, Martin, PG, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Meinhold, PR, Melchiorri, A, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M-A, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Munshi, D, Murphy, JA, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, CB, Nørgaard-Nielsen, HU, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Pettorino, V, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Pratt, GW, Rachen, JP, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Renzi, A, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Roudier, G, Rubino-Martin, JA, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, LD, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A-S, Sygnet, J-F, Tauber, JA, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Wade, LA, Wandelt, BD, Wehus, IK, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A & Zonca, A 2016, 'Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 596, A102. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

TY - JOUR

T1 - Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

AU - Ade, P. A. R.

AU - Aghanim, N.

AU - Ashdown, M.

AU - Aumont, J.

AU - Baccigalupi, C.

AU - Banday, A. J.

AU - Barreiro, R. B.

AU - Bartolo, N.

AU - Basak, Suman

AU - Battaner, E.

AU - Benabed, K.

AU - Benoit-Levy, A.

AU - Bernard, J. -P.

AU - Bersanelli, M.

AU - Bielewicz, P.

AU - Bock, J. J.

AU - Bonaldi, A.

AU - Bonavera, L.

AU - Bond, J. R.

AU - Borrill, J.

AU - Bouchet, F. R.

AU - Boulanger, F.

AU - Burigana, C.

AU - Butler, R. C.

AU - Calabrese, E.

AU - Cardoso, J. -F.

AU - Catalano, A.

AU - Chiang, H. C.

AU - Christensen, P. R.

AU - Clements, D. L.

AU - Colombi, S.

AU - Colombo, L. P. L.

AU - Combet, C.

AU - Crill, B. P.

AU - Curto, A.

AU - Cuttaia, F.

AU - Danese, L.

AU - Davis, R. J.

AU - de Bernardis, P.

AU - De Zotti, Giulia

AU - Delabrouille, J.

AU - Dickinson, C.

AU - Diego, J. M.

AU - Dore, O.

AU - Ducout, A.

AU - Dupac, X.

AU - Elsner, F.

AU - Ensslin, T. A.

AU - Eriksen, H. K.

AU - Finelli, F.

AU - Forni, O.

AU - Frailis, M.

AU - Fraisse, A. A.

AU - Franceschi, E.

AU - Galeotta, S.

AU - Galli, S.

AU - Ganga, K.

AU - Ghosh, T.

AU - Giard, M.

AU - Giraud-Heraud, Y.

AU - Gjerlow, E.

AU - Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.

AU - Gorski, K. M.

AU - Gruppuso, A.

AU - Gudmundsson, J. E.

AU - Harrison, D. L.

AU - Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.

AU - Herranz, D.

AU - Hildebrandt, S. R.

AU - Hornstrup, Allan

AU - Hovest, W.

AU - Hurier, G.

AU - Jaffe, A. H.

AU - Jones, W. C.

AU - Keihanen, E.

AU - Keskitalo, R.

AU - Kisner, T. S.

AU - Knoche, J.

AU - Knox, L.

AU - Kunz, M.

AU - Kurki-Suonio, H.

AU - Lagache, G.

AU - Lahteenmaki, A.

AU - Lamarre, J. -M.

AU - Lasenby, A.

AU - Lattanzi, M.

AU - Leonardi, R.

AU - Levrier, F.

AU - Lilje, P. B.

AU - Linden-Vørnle, Michael

AU - Lopez-Caniego, M.

AU - Lubin, P. M.

AU - Macias-Perez, J. F.

AU - Maffei, B.

AU - Maggie, G.

AU - Maino, D.

AU - Mandolesi, N.

AU - Mangilli, A.

AU - Maris, M.

AU - Martin, P. G.

AU - Martinez-Gonzalez, E.

AU - Masi, S.

AU - Matarrese, S.

AU - Meinhold, P. R.

AU - Melchiorri, A.

AU - Mennella, A.

AU - Migliaccio, M.

AU - Mitra, Susanta

AU - Miville-Deschenes, M. -A.

AU - Moneti, A.

AU - Montier, L.

AU - Morgante, G.

AU - Mortlock, D.

AU - Moss, A.

AU - Munshi, D.

AU - Murphy, J. A.

AU - Naselsky, P.

AU - Nati, F.

AU - Natoli, P.

AU - Netterfield, C. B.

AU - Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik

AU - Novikov, D.

AU - Novikov, I.

AU - Pagano, L.

AU - Pajot, Fernand

AU - Paoletti, D.

AU - Pasian, F.

AU - Patanchon, G.

AU - Perdereau, O.

AU - Perotto, L.

AU - Pettorino, V.

AU - Piacentini, F.

AU - Piat, M.

AU - Pierpaoli, E.

AU - Pointecouteau, E.

AU - Polenta, G.

AU - Pratt, G. W.

AU - Rachen, J. P.

AU - Reinecke, M.

AU - Remazeilles, M.

AU - Renault, C.

AU - Renzi, A.

AU - Ristorcelli, I.

AU - Rocha, G.

AU - Rosset, C.

AU - Rossetti, M.

AU - Roudier, G.

AU - Rubino-Martin, J. A.

AU - Rusholme, B.

AU - Sandri, M.

AU - Santos, D.

AU - Savelainen, M.

AU - Savini, G.

AU - Scott, D.

AU - Spencer, L. D.

AU - Stolyarov, V.

AU - Stompor, R.

AU - Sudiwala, R.

AU - Sunyaev, R.

AU - Sutton, D.

AU - Suur-Uski, A. -S.

AU - Sygnet, J. -F.

AU - Tauber, J. A.

AU - Terenzi, L.

AU - Toffolatti, L.

AU - Tomasi, M.

AU - Tristram, M.

AU - Tucci, M.

AU - Tuovinen, J.

AU - Valenziano, L.

AU - Valiviita, J.

AU - Van Tent, B.

AU - Vielva, P.

AU - Villa, F.

AU - Wade, L. A.

AU - Wandelt, B. D.

AU - Wehus, I. K.

AU - Yvon, D.

AU - Zacchei, A.

AU - Zonca, A.

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12 sigma, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Lambda cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.

AB - The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12 sigma, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Lambda cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 less than or similar to l less than or similar to 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.

KW - Cosmology: observations

KW - Cosmic background radiation

KW - Polarization

KW - Gravitational lensing: weak

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527932

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 596

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A102

ER -

Planck intermediate results XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes

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