TY - CHAP
T1 - Pig Acute Phase Proteins as Non-Antibody Systemic Biomarkers of Intracellular Infections
AU - Heegaard, Peter M. H.
AU - Starbæk, Sofie M. R.
AU - Lelli, Davide
AU - Skovgaard, Kerstin
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - As an alternative to traditional serological markers, that is, antibodies, for serum-based specific diagnosis of infections, circulating non-antibody markers may be used to monitor active disease. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a prominent class of such markers widely used for diagnosing ongoing inflammation and infection. In this chapter, basic theoretical and practical considerations on developing APP assays and using APPs as markers of ongoing infection are presented with a specific focus on intracellular infections in pigs. Examples on APP-based monitoring of infection in pigs with viruses such as porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine endemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and influenza A virus (IAV), as well as intracellular bacteria (Lawsonia intracellularis) and the protozoan intracellular parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are presented, with an emphasis on major pig APPs C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), and pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP). The performance of these APPs as biomarkers in a range of experimental infection studies in pigs is described as examples on their use for estimating the severity of infection, vaccine efficacy, herd health characterization, and differential diagnosis.
AB - As an alternative to traditional serological markers, that is, antibodies, for serum-based specific diagnosis of infections, circulating non-antibody markers may be used to monitor active disease. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a prominent class of such markers widely used for diagnosing ongoing inflammation and infection. In this chapter, basic theoretical and practical considerations on developing APP assays and using APPs as markers of ongoing infection are presented with a specific focus on intracellular infections in pigs. Examples on APP-based monitoring of infection in pigs with viruses such as porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine endemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and influenza A virus (IAV), as well as intracellular bacteria (Lawsonia intracellularis) and the protozoan intracellular parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are presented, with an emphasis on major pig APPs C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), and pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP). The performance of these APPs as biomarkers in a range of experimental infection studies in pigs is described as examples on their use for estimating the severity of infection, vaccine efficacy, herd health characterization, and differential diagnosis.
U2 - 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_11
DO - 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_11
M3 - Book chapter
C2 - 38888777
SN - 978-1-0716-3889-7
SN - 978-1-0716-3892-7
T3 - Methods in Molecular Biology
SP - 145
EP - 165
BT - Intracellular Pathogens
A2 - Thakur, Aneesh
PB - Springer
ER -
