Abstract
Hollow fiber supported liquid membranes were applied for the passive extraction of phenoxy acid herbicides from water samples. Polypropylene hollow fiber membranes (240 mu m i.d., 30 mu m wall thickness, 0.05 mu m pore size, 30 cm length) were impregnated with 2.0% tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in di-n-hexyl ether in the pores of the fiber wall to form a liquid membrane. They were then filled with basic solution in the lumen as acceptor and finally placed into the sample (donor). Complete extraction of phenoxy acid herbicides including 2,4-D, MCPA, dichlorprop, and mecoprop from an acidified sample (4 mL, adjusted to pH 1.5 with HCl) into basic acceptor (10 mu L of 0.2 M NaOH) was achieved after 4 h of shaking (100 rpm) resulting in an enrichment factor of 400 times. The acceptor was then neutralized by addition of HCl and injected into a HPLC system for the determination of the phenoxy acid herbicides. Environmentally relevant salinity (0-3.5% NaCl) and dissolved organic matter (0-25 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon) had no significant effect on the extraction. The method provided extraction efficiencies of more than 91%, detection limits of 0.3-0.6 mu g/L, and combined extraction and clean up in one single step. This procedure was applied to deter-mine aqueous concentrations of phenoxy acid herbicides in groundwater samples collected from an old dumping site (Cheminova, Denmark) with detected concentrations up to 5800 mu g/L. Although the samples were very dirty with large amounts of suspended particles, non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) and dissolved organic matters, good spike recoveries (80-126%) were obtained for 10 of the 11 samples. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Journal of Chromatography A |
Volume | 1160 |
Issue number | 1-2 |
Pages (from-to) | 56-63 |
ISSN | 0021-9673 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2007 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane
- Complete extraction
- Phenoxy acids
- Polluted groundwater
- Passive sampling