Overview of electrical topologies of hybrid power plants with offshore wind

Hybrid Power Plants (HPPs) consist of several renewable generating technologies, such as wind or solar, combined with energy storage systems and power-to-X (P2X) technologies. They are crucial for future electrical systems as they contribute to added flexibility and better electrical infrastructure utilisation than individual technology plants. Different electrical topologies and concepts can be formed to connect and couple HPP technologies. The choice of electrical topologies is essential as it affects the cost of electrical infrastructure, feasible control architectures and even the possibility of providing market and grid-based ancillary services. Since HPP operates as a single entity, each topology can require distinct control functionalities and role allocations at various control layers to meet grid code requirements. This work reviews various electrical connection topologies for onshore HPP from currently available literature and provides novelty by introducing new topologies, including P2X electrolyzer and offshore technologies such as offshore wind power plants. Therefore, several onshore and offshore HPP topologies are compared and analyzed regarding their impact on required electrical infrastructure, the need for auxiliary equipment, and resulting control nuances, providing discussion for future hybrid power systems.