On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV

S.R. Manohara; S.M. Hanagodimath; K.S. Thind; Leif Gerward

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.034

On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV

S.R. Manohara
, S.M. Hanagodimath
, K.S. Thind
, Leif Gerward

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

A comprehensive and consistent set of formulas is given for calculating the effective atomic number and electron density for all types of materials and for all photon energies greater than 1 keV. The are derived from first principles using photon interaction cross sections of the constituent atoms. The theory is illustrated by calculations and experiments for molecules of medical and biological interest, glasses for radiation shielding, alloys, minerals and liquids.

Original language	English
Journal	Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
Volume	266
Issue number	18
Pages (from-to)	3906-3912
ISSN	0168-583X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.034
Publication status	Published - 2008

Keywords

Glasses
Electron density
Effective atomic number
Alloys
X-ray and gamma ray interaction with matter
Minerals
Liquids
Bio-molecules

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Manohara, S. R., Hanagodimath, S. M., Thind, K. S., & Gerward, L. (2008). On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 266(18), 3906-3912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.034

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abstract = "A comprehensive and consistent set of formulas is given for calculating the effective atomic number and electron density for all types of materials and for all photon energies greater than 1 keV. The are derived from first principles using photon interaction cross sections of the constituent atoms. The theory is illustrated by calculations and experiments for molecules of medical and biological interest, glasses for radiation shielding, alloys, minerals and liquids.",

keywords = "Glasses, Electron density, Effective atomic number, Alloys, X-ray and gamma ray interaction with matter, Minerals, Liquids, Bio-molecules",

author = "S.R. Manohara and S.M. Hanagodimath and K.S. Thind and Leif Gerward",

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doi = "10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.034",

language = "English",

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pages = "3906--3912",

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Manohara, SR, Hanagodimath, SM, Thind, KS & Gerward, L 2008, 'On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV', Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, vol. 266, no. 18, pp. 3906-3912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.034

On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV. / Manohara, S.R.; Hanagodimath, S.M.; Thind, K.S. et al.
In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, Vol. 266, No. 18, 2008, p. 3906-3912.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV

AU - Manohara, S.R.

AU - Hanagodimath, S.M.

AU - Thind, K.S.

AU - Gerward, Leif

PY - 2008

Y1 - 2008

N2 - A comprehensive and consistent set of formulas is given for calculating the effective atomic number and electron density for all types of materials and for all photon energies greater than 1 keV. The are derived from first principles using photon interaction cross sections of the constituent atoms. The theory is illustrated by calculations and experiments for molecules of medical and biological interest, glasses for radiation shielding, alloys, minerals and liquids.

AB - A comprehensive and consistent set of formulas is given for calculating the effective atomic number and electron density for all types of materials and for all photon energies greater than 1 keV. The are derived from first principles using photon interaction cross sections of the constituent atoms. The theory is illustrated by calculations and experiments for molecules of medical and biological interest, glasses for radiation shielding, alloys, minerals and liquids.

KW - Glasses

KW - Electron density

KW - Effective atomic number

KW - Alloys

KW - X-ray and gamma ray interaction with matter

KW - Minerals

KW - Liquids

KW - Bio-molecules

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DO - 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.06.034

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0168-583X

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SP - 3906

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JO - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms

JF - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms

IS - 18

ER -

On the effective atomic number and electron density: A comprehensive set of formulas for all types of materials and energies above 1 keV

Abstract

Keywords

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