On-line bioprocess monitoring - an academic discipline or an industrial tool?

Bioprocess monitoring capabilities are gaining increasing Importance bath in physiological studies and in bioprocess development, The present article focuses on on-line analytical systems since these represent the backbone of most bioprocess monitoring systems, both in academia and in industry. We discuss advantages and drawbacks of various of the most frequently used components (sampling units, flow systems and detection unit) and analytical techniques, The differences between academia and industry in the use of bioprocess monitoring are discussed, based on the key drivers determining implementation of analytical systems in each of these fields. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.