Nucleation of recrystallization

This paper reviews the mechanisms of nucleation during recrystallization of cold deformed, single phase polycrystalline metals including metals with large particles. The classic nucleation theories and conceptions are shortly summarized, while the main focus is on our results from recent 3D studies of nucleation. The novel results are related to the classic nucleation ideas and agreement/disagreement as well as new suggestions are discussed. More specifically the paper covers recovery leading to intragranular nucleation, bulge nucleation (which is often referred to as strain induced boundary migration), and particle stimulated nucleation. Also, effects of clustered nucleation, crystallographic orientation relationships and residual stress are considered. Finally future studies are suggested, which we consider key to advancing the understanding of nucleation during recrystallization.