TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-target and suspect screening strategies for electrodialytic soil remediation evaluation
T2 - Assessing changes in the molecular fingerprints and per- And polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
AU - Sörengård, Mattias
AU - Ahrens, Lutz
AU - Alygizakis, Nikiforos
AU - Jensen, Pernille Erland
AU - Gago-Ferrero, Pablo
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Contamination of soils with organic pollutants is an increasing global problem, so novel soil remediation techniques are urgently needed. One such technique is electrokinetic remediation, in which an electric field is applied over the soil to extract contaminants. Previous evaluations of the technique have been limited to a few specific compounds. In this study, we integrated the latest advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to identify molecular fingerprints, and used the results to improve the mechanistic understanding necessary for successful remediation. A laboratory-scale 0.38 mA cm-2 electrodialytic treatment was applied for 21 days to a contaminated soil from a firefighter training facility in Sweden. Non-target analysis allowed generic evaluation of changes in the soil organic fraction by tentatively determining the elemental composition of compounds present. The results showed that smaller oxygen-rich molecules were significantly transported to the anode by electromigration, while larger hydrogen-saturated molecules were transported to the cathode by electroosmotic flow. Wide suspect screening with >3000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) tentatively identified seven new PFASs in the test soil, including perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS), and PFASs with butoxy, ethoxy, ethanol, and ethylcyclohexanesulfonate functional groups.
AB - Contamination of soils with organic pollutants is an increasing global problem, so novel soil remediation techniques are urgently needed. One such technique is electrokinetic remediation, in which an electric field is applied over the soil to extract contaminants. Previous evaluations of the technique have been limited to a few specific compounds. In this study, we integrated the latest advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to identify molecular fingerprints, and used the results to improve the mechanistic understanding necessary for successful remediation. A laboratory-scale 0.38 mA cm-2 electrodialytic treatment was applied for 21 days to a contaminated soil from a firefighter training facility in Sweden. Non-target analysis allowed generic evaluation of changes in the soil organic fraction by tentatively determining the elemental composition of compounds present. The results showed that smaller oxygen-rich molecules were significantly transported to the anode by electromigration, while larger hydrogen-saturated molecules were transported to the cathode by electroosmotic flow. Wide suspect screening with >3000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) tentatively identified seven new PFASs in the test soil, including perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS), and PFASs with butoxy, ethoxy, ethanol, and ethylcyclohexanesulfonate functional groups.
KW - High resolution mass spectroscopy
KW - Non-target screening
KW - Per fluoroheptanesulfonic acid
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
KW - Soil remediation
U2 - 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104437
DO - 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104437
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85095426691
SN - 2213-3437
VL - 8
JO - Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
JF - Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
IS - 6
M1 - 104437
ER -