@article{9849d3ca5d48441f811a66f22ce945ee,
title = "Noise in distributed erbium-doped fibers",
abstract = "Theoretical limits in noise figure for a long-haul transmission line based on lumped amplification are contrasted with distributed amplification. The latter results in a reduction of approximately 60% of the required number of pump power stations. The distributed optical amplification is provided by an erbium-doped fiber and comparisons of aluminum and germanium as codopant materials are shown. The pump power consumption and noise figure are analyzed with respect to the background loss",
author = "Karsten Rottwitt and Povlsen, {J{\o}rn Hedegaard} and Bjarklev, {Anders Overgaard} and Ole Lumholt and Bo Pedersen and Thomas Rasmussen",
note = "Copyright: 1993 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE",
year = "1993",
doi = "10.1109/68.196010",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
pages = "218--221",
journal = "I E E E Photonics Technology Letters",
issn = "1041-1135",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",
number = "2",
}