Nanoscale depression formation for substrate surface involves bringing immersed object proximal to surface of substrate by applying two sets of operating parameters

NOVELTY - An object, partially immersed into a liquid environment, is brought proximal to the surface of a substrate by applying two sets of operating parameters including a bias voltage, a tunnel current and a working potential. The bias voltage of one operating parameter is negative. USE - For substrate surface. ADVANTAGE - Controls pit size and pattern of nanoscale depression. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of a scanning tunneling microscope tip and a substrate during formation and imaging of nanopits.