Multiscale Wavelet-Driven Graph Convolutional Network for Blade Icing Detection of Wind Turbines

Blade icing detection is critical to maintaining the health of wind turbines, especially in cold climates. Rapid and accurate icing detection allows proper control of wind turbines, including shutting down and clearing the ice, thus ensuring turbine safety. This paper presents a wavelet-driven multiscale graph convolutional network (MWGCN), which is a supervised deep learning model for blade icing detection. The proposed model first uses wavelet decomposition to capture multivariate information in the time and frequency domains, then employs a temporal graph convolutional network to model the intervariable correlations of the decomposed multiscale wavelets, as well as their temporal dynamics. In addition, this paper introduces scale attention to the MWGCN for a further improvement of the model and proposes the method to address the class imbalance problem of the training data sets. Finally, the paper conducts comprehensive experiments to evaluate the proposed model, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in blade icing detection and its better performance over eight state-of-the-art algorithms, with 17.2% and 11.3% higher F1 scores over the best state-of-the-art baseline on the labeled datasets.