Multifunctional sensing membrane-based platform for tissue or cell culturing and monitoring

The present application discloses a water-permeable sensor membrane comprising i) a first layer of a conductive material defining at least one electrode and having a thickness of 0.1-,000 [mu]m; ii) a second layer of a nanostructure material build on the first layer; and iii) a third, topmost, layer of a conducting polymer material defining at least one electrode and having a thickness of 0.001-1.0 [mu]m. The application also discloses a tissue or cell culture sample monitoring assembly comprising a sensor assembly and a tissue sample or a cell culture sample arranged on top of the third layer of the sensor membrane, and a method of monitoring the concentration or presence of a tissue analyte in the proximity of a tissue sample or cell culture sample.