Multi-objective cooperative controller design for rapid state-of-charge balancing and flexible bus voltage regulation in shipboard DC microgrids

In this paper, a multi-objective cooperative (MOC) controller based on average consensus algorithm is designed to achieve rapid State-of-Charge (SoC) balancing, proportional load current sharing, and flexible DC bus voltage regulation for parallel battery storage units (BSUs) in shipboard DC microgrids. Different from the conventional secondary controllers, the designed MOC controller can simultaneously achieve the above three control objectives with a fully distributed manner without requiring multiple controllers, thereby effectively improving the system stability and reducing the communication burden. Furthermore, an optimized convergence factor is designed to accelerate SoC balancing, and pinning control is introduced to obtain flexible and accurate DC bus voltage regulation. The process of SoC balancing and current sharing analysis, SoC convergence performance analysis, large-signal stability analysis, and global steady-state analysis verifies the rationality and stability of the MOC controller. Finally, the Matlab/Simulink simulation and StarSim HIL experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the designed MOC controller in a shipboard DC microgrid under various testing scenarios.