Modeling the microstructural evolution during constrained sintering

A numerical model able to simulate solid state constrained sintering is presented. The model couples an existing kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model for free sintering with a finite element model (FEM) for calculating stresses on a microstructural level. The microstructural response to the local stress as well as the FEM calculation of the stress field from the microstructural evolution is discussed. The sintering behavior of a sample constrained by a rigid substrate is simulated. The constrained sintering result in a larger number of pores near the substrate, as well as anisotropic sintering shrinkage, with significantly enhanced strain in the central upper part of the sample surface, and minimal strain near the edges near the substrate. These features are also observed experimentally.