Modeling and Control of Grid-Connected Electrolyzer Plants

This chapter provides a foundational introduction to the engineering aspects of the modeling, control, and operation of grid-connected electrolyzer plants, focusing on the most mature and commercialized alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) technology. It explores the crucial role of electrolysis in renewables-dominated power systems, highlighting its potential for energy storage, grid balancing, and sector coupling. The chapter delves into a comprehensive investigation of modeling methods, covering various scales and physical domains, to accurately represent the dynamic behavior of AEL systems. Furthermore, it presents control strategies for temperature stabilization, power regulation, partial load operation, and dynamic frequency support, enabling AEL plants to contribute to grid stability and flexibility. Additionally, the chapter examines operational aspects, including optimization techniques for maximizing economic benefits through participation in power markets and providing grid services. Through a detailed analysis of modeling, control, and operation methods, the chapter offers valuable insights into the complexities and potential of this technology for enabling a more sustainable and resilient energy future.