Model Identification using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data for Type 1 Diabetes

This paper addresses model identification of continuous-discrete nonlinear models for people with type 1 diabetes using sampled data from a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). We compare five identification techniques: least squares, weighted least squares, Huber regression, maximum likelihood with extended Kalman filter and maximum likelihood with unscented Kalman filter. We perform the identification on a 24-hour simulation of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) version of the Medtronic Virtual Patient (MVP) model including process and output noise. We compare the fits with the actual CGM signal, as well as the short- and long-term predictions for each identified model. The numerical results show that the maximum likelihood-based identification techniques offer the best performance in terms of fitting and prediction. Moreover, they have other advantages compared to ODE-based modeling, such as parameter tracking, population modeling and handling of outliers.