TY - JOUR
T1 - Long COVID
T2 - pathophysiological factors and abnormalities of coagulation
AU - Turner, Simone
AU - Khan, M. Asad
AU - Putrino, David
AU - Woodcock, Ashley
AU - Kell, Douglas B.
AU - Pretorius, Etheresia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Acute COVID-19 infection is followed by prolonged symptoms in approximately one in ten cases: known as Long COVID. The disease affects ~65 million individuals worldwide. Many pathophysiological processes appear to underlie Long COVID, including viral factors (persistence, reactivation, and bacteriophagic action of SARS CoV-2); host factors (chronic inflammation, metabolic and endocrine dysregulation, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity); and downstream impacts (tissue damage from the initial infection, tissue hypoxia, host dysbiosis, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction). These mechanisms culminate in the long-term persistence of the disorder characterized by a thrombotic endothelialitis, endothelial inflammation, hyperactivated platelets, and fibrinaloid microclots. These abnormalities of blood vessels and coagulation affect every organ system and represent a unifying pathway for the various symptoms of Long COVID.
AB - Acute COVID-19 infection is followed by prolonged symptoms in approximately one in ten cases: known as Long COVID. The disease affects ~65 million individuals worldwide. Many pathophysiological processes appear to underlie Long COVID, including viral factors (persistence, reactivation, and bacteriophagic action of SARS CoV-2); host factors (chronic inflammation, metabolic and endocrine dysregulation, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity); and downstream impacts (tissue damage from the initial infection, tissue hypoxia, host dysbiosis, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction). These mechanisms culminate in the long-term persistence of the disorder characterized by a thrombotic endothelialitis, endothelial inflammation, hyperactivated platelets, and fibrinaloid microclots. These abnormalities of blood vessels and coagulation affect every organ system and represent a unifying pathway for the various symptoms of Long COVID.
KW - cardiovascular outcomes
KW - clotting pathology
KW - endothelialitis
KW - long COVID
U2 - 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.002
DO - 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.002
M3 - Review
C2 - 37080828
AN - SCOPUS:85152888325
SN - 1043-2760
VL - 34
SP - 321
EP - 344
JO - Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 6
ER -