International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation

C. D. Beggan; C. Kloss; P. Amblard; T. Amezza; H. Amit; J. Aubert; J. Baerenzung; J. Bregnhøj Lauridsen; W. Brown; S. Califf; S. A. Campuzano; L. Chauvet; A. Chulliat; R. Claveau; P. Coïsson; M. da Silva; C. Davies; R. Deborde; M. Dobrovolsky; M. Fillion; C. C. Finlay; I. Firsov; A. Fournier; L. Gailler; N. Gillet; N. Gomez Perez; A. Grayver; K. Gwirtz; M. Hamoudi; R. Holme; M. Holschneider; G. Hulot; T. Jager; Y. Jiang; M. Kada; M. Korte; R. Krasnoperov; W. Kuang; D. Kudin; J. M. Léger; A. Lemgharb; V. Lesur; P. Liu; P. W. Livermore; F. D. Madsen; M. Mandea; M. Matsushima; J. Matzka; I. Michaelis; T. Minami; M. Nair; S. Nakano; J. F. Oehler; N. Olsen; F. J. Pavón-Carrasco; S. Presnyakov; B. Qian; X. Rang; H. F. Rogers; M. Rother; D. Rouxel; T. Sabaka; S. Sato; J. Saynisch-Wagner; M. Schanner; M. Serrano; N. Shakespeare-Rees; Y. Shi; A. Smith; A. Soloviev; F. Terra-Nova; E. Thebault; L. Tøffner-Clausen; H. Toh; J. Wang; I. Wardinski; C. Watson; K. Whaler; C. Xiong; Q. Yan; Y. Yang; H. Yao; Z. Zeren; K. Zhang; B. Zhou

doi:10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0

International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation

C. D. Beggan
, C. Kloss
, P. Amblard
, T. Amezza
, H. Amit
, J. Aubert
, J. Baerenzung
, J. Bregnhøj Lauridsen
, W. Brown
, S. Califf
, S. A. Campuzano
, L. Chauvet
, A. Chulliat
, R. Claveau
, P. Coïsson
, M. da Silva
, C. Davies
, R. Deborde
, M. Dobrovolsky
, M. Fillion

C. C. Finlay, I. Firsov, A. Fournier, L. Gailler, N. Gillet, N. Gomez Perez, A. Grayver, K. Gwirtz, M. Hamoudi, R. Holme, M. Holschneider, G. Hulot, T. Jager, Y. Jiang, M. Kada, M. Korte, R. Krasnoperov, W. Kuang, D. Kudin, J. M. Léger, A. Lemgharb, V. Lesur, P. Liu, P. W. Livermore, F. D. Madsen, M. Mandea, M. Matsushima, J. Matzka, I. Michaelis, T. Minami, M. Nair, S. Nakano, J. F. Oehler, N. Olsen, F. J. Pavón-Carrasco, S. Presnyakov, B. Qian, X. Rang, H. F. Rogers, M. Rother, D. Rouxel, T. Sabaka, S. Sato, J. Saynisch-Wagner, M. Schanner, M. Serrano, N. Shakespeare-Rees, Y. Shi, A. Smith, A. Soloviev, F. Terra-Nova, E. Thebault, L. Tøffner-Clausen, H. Toh, J. Wang, I. Wardinski, C. Watson, K. Whaler, C. Xiong, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, H. Yao, Z. Zeren, K. Zhang, B. Zhou

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Abstract

Abstract: In November 2024, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the fourteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2020.0, a main field model for epoch 2025.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2025.0 to 2030.0. We describe the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this fourteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination, and total field intensity for the model at 2025.0 and maps of the predicted rate of change of the field for the 2025.0 to 2030.0 time period. Graphic Abstract: (Figure presented.)

Original language	English
Article number	127
Journal	Earth, Planets and Space
Volume	78
Number of pages	20
ISSN	1880-5981
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0
Publication status	Published - 2026

Keywords

IGRF
Magnetic field modeling
Geomagnetism

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Beggan, C. D., Kloss, C., Amblard, P., Amezza, T., Amit, H., Aubert, J., Baerenzung, J., Bregnhøj Lauridsen, J., Brown, W., Califf, S., Campuzano, S. A., Chauvet, L., Chulliat, A., Claveau, R., Coïsson, P., da Silva, M., Davies, C., Deborde, R., Dobrovolsky, M., ... Zhou, B. (2026). International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation. Earth, Planets and Space, 78, Article 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0

@article{6c881a9e8f8f4f5d9a3961b5c0983e6a,

title = "International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation",

abstract = "Abstract: In November 2024, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the fourteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2020.0, a main field model for epoch 2025.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2025.0 to 2030.0. We describe the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this fourteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination, and total field intensity for the model at 2025.0 and maps of the predicted rate of change of the field for the 2025.0 to 2030.0 time period. Graphic Abstract: (Figure presented.)",

keywords = "IGRF, Magnetic field modeling, Geomagnetism",

author = "Beggan, \{C. D.\} and C. Kloss and P. Amblard and T. Amezza and H. Amit and J. Aubert and J. Baerenzung and \{Bregnh{\o}j Lauridsen\}, J. and W. Brown and S. Califf and Campuzano, \{S. A.\} and L. Chauvet and A. Chulliat and R. Claveau and P. Co{\"i}sson and \{da Silva\}, M. and C. Davies and R. Deborde and M. Dobrovolsky and M. Fillion and Finlay, \{C. C.\} and I. Firsov and A. Fournier and L. Gailler and N. Gillet and \{Gomez Perez\}, N. and A. Grayver and K. Gwirtz and M. Hamoudi and R. Holme and M. Holschneider and G. Hulot and T. Jager and Y. Jiang and M. Kada and M. Korte and R. Krasnoperov and W. Kuang and D. Kudin and L{\'e}ger, \{J. M.\} and A. Lemgharb and V. Lesur and P. Liu and Livermore, \{P. W.\} and Madsen, \{F. D.\} and M. Mandea and M. Matsushima and J. Matzka and I. Michaelis and T. Minami and M. Nair and S. Nakano and Oehler, \{J. F.\} and N. Olsen and Pav{\'o}n-Carrasco, \{F. J.\} and S. Presnyakov and B. Qian and X. Rang and Rogers, \{H. F.\} and M. Rother and D. Rouxel and T. Sabaka and S. Sato and J. Saynisch-Wagner and M. Schanner and M. Serrano and N. Shakespeare-Rees and Y. Shi and A. Smith and A. Soloviev and F. Terra-Nova and E. Thebault and L. T{\o}ffner-Clausen and H. Toh and J. Wang and I. Wardinski and C. Watson and K. Whaler and C. Xiong and Q. Yan and Y. Yang and H. Yao and Z. Zeren and K. Zhang and B. Zhou",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0",

language = "English",

volume = "78",

journal = "Earth, Planets and Space",

issn = "1880-5981",

publisher = "Springer Berlin Heidelberg",

}

Beggan, CD, Kloss, C, Amblard, P, Amezza, T, Amit, H, Aubert, J, Baerenzung, J, Bregnhøj Lauridsen, J, Brown, W, Califf, S, Campuzano, SA, Chauvet, L, Chulliat, A, Claveau, R, Coïsson, P, da Silva, M, Davies, C, Deborde, R, Dobrovolsky, M, Fillion, M, Finlay, CC, Firsov, I, Fournier, A, Gailler, L, Gillet, N, Gomez Perez, N, Grayver, A, Gwirtz, K, Hamoudi, M, Holme, R, Holschneider, M, Hulot, G, Jager, T, Jiang, Y, Kada, M, Korte, M, Krasnoperov, R, Kuang, W, Kudin, D, Léger, JM, Lemgharb, A, Lesur, V, Liu, P, Livermore, PW, Madsen, FD, Mandea, M, Matsushima, M, Matzka, J, Michaelis, I, Minami, T, Nair, M, Nakano, S, Oehler, JF, Olsen, N, Pavón-Carrasco, FJ, Presnyakov, S, Qian, B, Rang, X, Rogers, HF, Rother, M, Rouxel, D, Sabaka, T, Sato, S, Saynisch-Wagner, J, Schanner, M, Serrano, M, Shakespeare-Rees, N, Shi, Y, Smith, A, Soloviev, A, Terra-Nova, F, Thebault, E, Tøffner-Clausen, L, Toh, H, Wang, J, Wardinski, I, Watson, C, Whaler, K, Xiong, C, Yan, Q, Yang, Y, Yao, H, Zeren, Z, Zhang, K & Zhou, B 2026, 'International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation', Earth, Planets and Space, vol. 78, 127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0

TY - JOUR

T1 - International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation

AU - Beggan, C. D.

AU - Kloss, C.

AU - Amblard, P.

AU - Amezza, T.

AU - Amit, H.

AU - Aubert, J.

AU - Baerenzung, J.

AU - Bregnhøj Lauridsen, J.

AU - Brown, W.

AU - Califf, S.

AU - Campuzano, S. A.

AU - Chauvet, L.

AU - Chulliat, A.

AU - Claveau, R.

AU - Coïsson, P.

AU - da Silva, M.

AU - Davies, C.

AU - Deborde, R.

AU - Dobrovolsky, M.

AU - Fillion, M.

AU - Finlay, C. C.

AU - Firsov, I.

AU - Fournier, A.

AU - Gailler, L.

AU - Gillet, N.

AU - Gomez Perez, N.

AU - Grayver, A.

AU - Gwirtz, K.

AU - Hamoudi, M.

AU - Holme, R.

AU - Holschneider, M.

AU - Hulot, G.

AU - Jager, T.

AU - Jiang, Y.

AU - Kada, M.

AU - Korte, M.

AU - Krasnoperov, R.

AU - Kuang, W.

AU - Kudin, D.

AU - Léger, J. M.

AU - Lemgharb, A.

AU - Lesur, V.

AU - Liu, P.

AU - Livermore, P. W.

AU - Madsen, F. D.

AU - Mandea, M.

AU - Matsushima, M.

AU - Matzka, J.

AU - Michaelis, I.

AU - Minami, T.

AU - Nair, M.

AU - Nakano, S.

AU - Oehler, J. F.

AU - Olsen, N.

AU - Pavón-Carrasco, F. J.

AU - Presnyakov, S.

AU - Qian, B.

AU - Rang, X.

AU - Rogers, H. F.

AU - Rother, M.

AU - Rouxel, D.

AU - Sabaka, T.

AU - Sato, S.

AU - Saynisch-Wagner, J.

AU - Schanner, M.

AU - Serrano, M.

AU - Shakespeare-Rees, N.

AU - Shi, Y.

AU - Smith, A.

AU - Soloviev, A.

AU - Terra-Nova, F.

AU - Thebault, E.

AU - Tøffner-Clausen, L.

AU - Toh, H.

AU - Wang, J.

AU - Wardinski, I.

AU - Watson, C.

AU - Whaler, K.

AU - Xiong, C.

AU - Yan, Q.

AU - Yang, Y.

AU - Yao, H.

AU - Zeren, Z.

AU - Zhang, K.

AU - Zhou, B.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Abstract: In November 2024, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the fourteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2020.0, a main field model for epoch 2025.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2025.0 to 2030.0. We describe the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this fourteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination, and total field intensity for the model at 2025.0 and maps of the predicted rate of change of the field for the 2025.0 to 2030.0 time period. Graphic Abstract: (Figure presented.)

AB - Abstract: In November 2024, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the fourteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2020.0, a main field model for epoch 2025.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2025.0 to 2030.0. We describe the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this fourteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination, and total field intensity for the model at 2025.0 and maps of the predicted rate of change of the field for the 2025.0 to 2030.0 time period. Graphic Abstract: (Figure presented.)

KW - IGRF

KW - Magnetic field modeling

KW - Geomagnetism

U2 - 10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0

DO - 10.1186/s40623-025-02360-0

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1880-5981

VL - 78

JO - Earth, Planets and Space

JF - Earth, Planets and Space

M1 - 127

ER -

International geomagnetic reference field: the fourteenth generation

Abstract

Keywords

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